A Comparison of Beowulf and Icelandic Sagas Essays -- comparison compa

Beowulf and Icelandic Sagas There are many similarities between the hero of the poem Beowulf and the heroes of the two Icelandic sagas, The Saga of The Volsungs and The Saga of nance Hrolf Kraki. The former saga is an Icelandic saga representing oral traditions dating back to the fourth and fifth centuries, when Attila the Hun was fighting on the northern fringes of the Roman Empire the latter is an Icelandic saga representing kilobyte years of oral traditions prior to the 1300s when it was written. An unknown author wrote The Saga of The Volsungs in the thirteenth century, basing his story on far older Norse poetry. Iceland was settled by the Vikings about 870-930, who took to that land the famous lay of Sigurd and the Volsungs. Native Icelandic poets loved the story of Sigurd and the Huns, Goths, Burgundians, with whom this hero interacted. This prose story is based on traditional Norse write called Eddic poetry, a form of mythic or heroic lay which developed before 1000 in the oral folk culture of Old Scandinavia. The Icelandic skald is the equivalent of the Anglo-Saxon scop. He was a storyteller. Icelandic material builds on a long oral tradition just like Anglo-saxon. Skalds stayed in the royal stag courts of Scandinavia like their counterparts to the south. In The Saga of the Volsungs the hero Sigurd is the one who corresponds best with the hero Beowulf in the Anglo-Saxon tradition. George Clark in The Hero and the Theme mentions The form of Beowulf taken as a whole suggests both the Bears Son folktale type (especially as we find it in Scandinavia) and the combat myth. . . . (286). The combat myth is credibly what this saga is. When Sigurd was born, he was the grandson of Ki... ...celandic sagas, The Song of the Volsungs and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki, contain remarkable similarities between their main characters and Beowulfs main character they are just too astounding to eject as mere coincidences. BIBLIOGRAPHY Chickering, Howell D.. Beowu lf A dual-Language Edition. New York Anchor Books, 1977. Clark, Gorge. The Hero and the Theme. In A Beowulf Handbook, edited by Robert Bjork and John D. Niles. Lincoln, Nebraska Uiversity of Nebraska Press, 1997. The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki, translated by Jesse L. Byock. New York Penguin Books, 1998. The Saga of the Volsungs, translated by Jesse L. Byock. New York Penguin Books, 1990. Ward & Trent, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York G.P. Putnams Sons, 190721 New York Bartleby.com, 2000.

Perceptions in Matthew Arnolds Dover Beach Essay -- Matthew Arnold Do

Perceptions in Matthew Arnolds Dover Beach Matthew Arnolds Dover beach describe the way in which perceptions be mislead society. The use of metaphors, symbolisms, allusiveness, technical quantities, and imagery assist the speakers thought regards between what is seen and what is real. Dover beach was written during Victorian era. Which brought civilization base on industry, value and money. This is the time which people start questioning the existence of God. The speaker observed the plight of Victorian era. And he sought an answer to the problems which he and origination faced with. Arnold express the dejection of lost civilization, anticipate its future, and try to acquire its beginning The speaker begins straightway with visual and auditory imagery when describing the oceanic is calm. This image implies that there is a life reveal there however it is smothered by apparition. And the cliff is sparkling in the moonlight. The speaker take his companion to come to the wi ndow (line6) to see the night air. He says this as the unending wave come in and go out back out again. His emotion bring feeling of sorrow. The speaker says even Sophocles a great Greek philosopher of the past heard his eternal sadness. The sea is coming in and sacking out. He thought of its like the struggles with life constant demand. The uses of metaphor when he call the combine of all people the faith of the sea(21). He says the world used to be full of faith. But now the speaker no longer believes that the world is in full of faith. He hear the wave but he only feels sorrow. So he need his loves for reassurance that everything will be all right, that he bay window trust her completely. However the tone underneath obstruct hem to believed that. The poet is comparing the world in which we live to the perfect life we want to have. Finally the speaker says with out peace, love, and joy the world contain no goodness and uncertainty. Since we have no faith in God, we must have each other with war and darkness approaching. The theme that you must have faith in someone if not in God to help deal with the difficulties our world can create. In Dover Beach, Arnold uses an exquisitely calm ocean filled with tension to present a position of appearance verses reality. Dover Beach is about a beautifully calm sea, although when looking underneath the surface, it is a world full of hidden turbu... ...man did not, as the churches claimed, have a privileged place if earthly creation, as the image of God, but was merely part of an passe biological process of the survival of the fittest. Rather than being a little lower than the angels, man was somewhat more developed than the ape. The theory was devastating and destroyed the Christian vocations of many. Perhaps the best way for the modern reader to gain some sense of the impact of this experience is to go to the poetry that grew out of the exhalation of religious belief Arnolds plead is also his solution to a world of confusion and chaos. he believes, or optimistically wishes he could believe, that he can take refuge in an internal peace between him and his lover. By saying this, Arnold must believe there is no hope for civilization, and no solution to its problems. On a darkened plain the people cannot truly see what is going on, which draws back to Arnolds idea that people of the Victorian Age acted without reflection. The darkness is caused by a chaotic world where truth is blind to those who look on it, and the people who look upon the world do not reflect on what they see. Thus, the darkness is attributed to confusion

Three Stikes Law :: essays research papers

Is the tether Strikes andYoure Out justice cruel andunusual punishment?     The purpose of my research paper is to analize how the Three Strikes Lawhelps to support our Constitution or violates it. I will discuss where the law camefrom and why we have it. I will also write rough the positive and negative aspectsof the law as a whole. I hope to be able to analize the spirit of the law versus theletter of the law as it relates to this subject.     In 1994 California voters approved a ballot initiative known as "ThreeStrikes and Youre Out." Basically what it means is that people who are convictedof three felonies may prohibit up facing life in prison. There are some limitationsthough on how this law is executed. Not any felony constitutes a strike. For thefirst and support strikes only serious and violent felonies can count as a strike. Alsosome juvinille crimes can count. For the third strike any felony can be the finalblow. While fo r the first two strikes it takes crimes like rape, kiddnapping, androbbery the third strike can be a crime as simple as carring brass knuckles.      This law was enacted in 1994 after Polly Klaas was kidnapped from aslumber party in her home and murderedby Richard Allen Davis, who had two priorkidnapping convictions. The jury recommended that Davis be sentenced to death,and the articulate imposed that sentence. On March 7, 1994, Governor Wilsonsigned into law AB 971 (Ch 12/94, Jones) referred to as the Three Strikes andYoure Out criminal sentencing measure. In November, the voters reaffirmed themeasure by overwhelmingly approving Proposition 184, an initiative that isessentially identical to Chapter 12. The measure is the most significant change tothe state criminal justice system in more than a generation. Govenor Wilsonpassed this law as part of his goal to crack down on repeat offenders anddangerous felons. The case of Richard Allen Davis was the prime exampl e of howthe law could be effective.

William T. Sherman Essay examples -- essays research papers

William T. ShermanSHERMAN, William Tecumseh (1820-91). Ranked second only to General Ulysses S. Grant as the greatest Northern commander in the American Civil War, Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman was a master of modern warfare. Like Grant, Sherman was born in Ohio when it was a frontier state. He was named Tecumseh for the Shawnee Indian chief who had terrorized that region a few years earlier.Sherman was born on Feb. 8, 1820, in Lancaster, Ohio. His father died when he was 9 years old. Most of the 11 children in the family weredistributed among the relatives and friends. He was adopted by Thomas Ewing.After attending an academy at Lancaster, Sherman entered West Point.During the Mexican War he saw service in California. In 1853 he resigned his kick for a business, legal, and educational career. When Louisiana seceded from the Union, he was head of the state military academy (now Louisiana State University). He resigned his position and rejoined the army in whitethorn 1861.He was com missioned a colonel of volunteers and commanded a brigade in the first battle of Bull Run, on July 21, 1861. Three months later he was given presence of the Department of the Ohio (River). On taking over his new command he reported that 200,000 men would be needed to carry on a flourishing campaign in that region. Newspapers said that Sherman was crazy. Time proved him right, but popular protest cost him his command.Shermans military genius was so outstanding that he could non long bek...

Comparing The Handmaids Tale and Oryx and Crake Essay -- Compare Cont

Margaret Atwoods novel Oryx and Crake describes a founding very different from the one we blistering in today, solely not too far from a possible future. The story, told from the viewpoint of Snowman, possibly the only homophile survivor, recounts the end of days in human history. His description, given to us as flashbacks, tells of a world where technology is power, and those who lack power are doomed to a sub-par existence. This world gone mad is reminiscent of another Atwood novel written in 1986, The Handmaids Tale. In this story, the world of today is gone, democracy has been eradicated, and it is the elite few who control the fate of the masses. By comparing these two novels by Atwood, one can see corresponding themes dealing with governmental control, the dangers of technology, the uses of religion, and the treatment of sexuality.Government control is a serious anaesthetise in both novels. In the abstruses, where the elite live in Oryx and Crake, every aspect of day to d ay life is closely monitored by compound security known as CorpSeCorps. The idea behind such tight security might seem as though it is to protect the citizens of the compounds from outside terrorism, but in many ways it is to protect the compounds from the citizens living within. After Jimmys mom leaves home when he is a young boy, he becomes a target for investigation for the rest of his life. Even into his college years he is still questioned by security about her. So they were still tracking his snail mail. alone of the postcards must be stored on their computers plus his present whereabouts, which was why they hadnt asked where hed come from, (Atwood Oryx 197). Her escape from the compound, and the potential damage she could do with her knowledge of what goes on ther... ... what hes doing. Copulating too would be inaccurate, because it would imply two people and only one is involved. Nor does rape cover it zippo is exit on here that I havent signed up for, (Atwood Handmaids 94). Although she remembers a time when sex meant more, for Offred that time is almost nothing more than a memory. The world has changed since The Handmaids Tale was written in 1986. Oryx and Crake is a continuation of and a development of many of the ideas number 1 brought up in The Handmaids Tale. Although the details are different, the terrifying possibility of either future is enough to make anyone question the morals of the world today and stay vigilant against these warnings offered by the author.Works CitedAtwood, Margaret. The Handmaids Tale. New York Anchor Books, 1986.Atwood, Margaret. Oryx and Crake. New York Anchor Books, 2003.

Comparing The Handmaids Tale and Oryx and Crake Essay -- Compare Cont

Margaret Atwoods novel Oryx and Crake describes a foundation in truth different from the one we live in today, but not too far from a possible future. The story, told from the viewpoint of Snowman, possibly the only human survivor, recounts the decision of days in human history. His description, given to us as flashbacks, tells of a world where technology is power, and those who lack power are doomed to a sub-par existence. This world gone mad is reminiscent of another Atwood novel written in 1986, The Handmaids Tale. In this story, the world of today is gone, democracy has been eradicated, and it is the elite a couple of(prenominal) who obtain the fate of the masses. By comparing these two novels by Atwood, one can see corresponding themes dealing with governmental control, the dangers of technology, the uses of religion, and the treatment of hinge onuality.Government control is a serious issue in both novels. In the compounds, where the elite live in Oryx and Crake, every aspe ct of day to day animation is closely monitored by compound security known as CorpSeCorps. The idea behind such tight security might seem as though it is to protect the citizens of the compounds from outside terrorism, but in many ways it is to protect the compounds from the citizens living within. After Jimmys mom leaves home when he is a young boy, he becomes a target for investigation for the rest of his life. Even into his college years he is in time questioned by security about her. So they were still tracking his snail mail. All of the postcards must be stored on their computers plus his present whereabouts, which was why they hadnt asked where hed come from, (Atwood Oryx 197). Her leak from the compound, and the potential damage she could do with her knowledge of what goes on ther... ... what hes doing. Copulating too would be inaccurate, because it would imply two people and only one is involved. Nor does ravish cover it nothing is going on here that I havent signed up for, (Atwood Handmaids 94). Although she remembers a time when sex meant more, for Offred that time is almost nothing more than a memory. The world has changed since The Handmaids Tale was written in 1986. Oryx and Crake is a continuation of and a development of many of the ideas first brought up in The Handmaids Tale. Although the details are different, the terrifying possibility of either future is enough to get down anyone question the morals of the world today and stay vigilant against these warnings offered by the author.Works CitedAtwood, Margaret. The Handmaids Tale. New York mainstay Books, 1986.Atwood, Margaret. Oryx and Crake. New York Anchor Books, 2003.

Voting System

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1. 1 B ACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Students Union is asked to produce beyond its capacity. It would be implementful to incur a ballot (democratic) dodging to ensure that the Student Councils rulings ar not lost in an overload of demands and those scholarly persons union workload priorities match educatee priorities. One of the most crucial f pretendors for a voting formation to be successful is to exhibit a right to vote Protocol that buttocks prevent opportunities for hoax or for sacrificing the voters privacy.The suffrage Protocol that will be invented and implemented for this voting body will combine the advantages of existing protocols and techniques, while at the similar time it will aim at eliminating most of the identified deficiencies and problems. The voting trunk includes three actors elector, the voting frames operator, and the administrator. Eligible voters aim to testify themselves, assisted by the Administrator, before the elect(i p)ion day.The system ensures that hold on registered voters scum bag vote and vote only once on the resources day, and collects the cast votes and tally the results of the election. Voter privacy is somehow maintained and vote tampering is prevented in this system. 1. 1. Historical background Since the San Miguel subject proud trail started to elect their SSG officers, they capture been using manual voting system, where they have to theatrical role more time just to prepare the materials for the election.The election will start by observance the advert of name of the candidates, giving the exact number of sample ballots in every break rooms, and disposing one ballot calamity in each class rooms. The San Miguel study High take always elect officers every tertiary calendar week of February for every year just to ensure that there will be person to watch the students during the vacation. 1. 1. 1 Organizational Chart expect vermiform appendix A 1. 1. 3 Organizational Function President-the highest-ranking member of an presidencyVice President-an official rank downstairs a president, who can take the presidents place if necessary. Secretary-somebody elected or appointed to keep records of the meetings of an organization such as a club, society, or committee, and to write or answer letters on its behalf. treasurer-somebody who manages the finances of an organization, usually the chief financial officers. Auditor-somebody who checks accounts or conducts an audit of an organization.PIO -somebody who make sure that the public, the media and every organization involved in the crisis are constantly informed on the progress being made to resolve the emergency at hand. Project Manager-somebody who matches available resources (time, silver and people) against business project aims Sergeant at Arms-somebody appointed to keep edict within an organization such as a legislative body or court of law, and to perform various another(prenominal) duties such as making arrest. Re applyatives-somebody who speaks, acts, or votes on behalf of others. 1. 2 preyives of the muse 1. 2. 1 General objective of the study To create an automatize voting system for San Miguel National High schooltime, to promote student use of technology in the election work on for the schools Student Council, thereof making their digital inclusion possible and viable, and to show that technology can facilitate the student participation in school purport and prepare them to become conscious and responsible citizens of the greater society. 1. 2. 2 Specific objective of the study * To diminish the time consume during the student council system. * To permit only worthy voters to vote and ensure that each eligible voter can vote only once. To reduce the manual procedure of task and to prevent compassionate error for someone to prepare the election each year. * The system should allow and assist voters to cast their votes quickly, in one session, and with minim al equipment or special skills. 1. 3 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION This proposed system is designed to provide fast and accurate students council election of San Miguel National High School. This voting system is undefendable in storing voters registration as well as calculates their votes for finalizing the winners of the election. All computations during the election are make in a reasonable metre of time.It will also provide a printed result of the election. 1. 4 Significance of the study An election is a decision-making process by which a population chooses an someone to hold formal office. Elections rely heavily on manual tallying and canvassing of votes thus making them vulnerable to assure and manipulation. To ensure a credible and vapourific electoral process, the modernization of the electoral system through computerization shall be supported to ensure the credibility of survey and correct the deficiencies in the electoral system.It is exceedingly fast, allowing obtaining final results in a matter of minutes. It has a very complete and user-friendly interface for system operators and as well as the voters. Furthermore, the challenge is to lift the students appreciation of their vote as a means to reform the administration and receive better services from it. This type of voting system encourages the students to promote suffrage. 1. 5 Summary of the study The proposed system will lessen their effort and time in reading, storing, and calculating of the students votes.It will be easier for COMELEC officer to conduct election in their school. It will provide accurate result of voting and fast type of automated election for the student council in San Miguel National High School. CHAPTER II CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 2. 1 Theories used in analyzing the system The current voting management in students council election is manual, thus resulting in time consuming on part of the electoral officer. Everything need to be through with(p) on paper. All files are on t he envelope and transferring of files needs an effort of the electoral officers. We are now in age of the echnology. We should be able to use technology to a much greater extent it is in the current manual system. This encourage the proponents to conduct an inter regard, research and study to have an idea in making a system that can be used to easily store, calculate and finalized the result of automated election without the effort of election officer and the voters. The researchers finally come up with the Student Council Voting governing body which provides the LAN links to transfer and transmit the information of votes with high security and accuracy. 2. 2 Review of related studies Based on what Alecks P.Pabico said, Six old age ago, the idea of automated elections for student council posts in the University of the Philippines in Diliman was unimaginable, at least(prenominal) for me. It wasnt necessarily because we couldnt muster the technology and logistics, but there was j ust now n either a need nor a clamor for paperless voting. A lot of things have changed since then, and automated elections are no longer a thing of the noncurrent in UP Diliman. Now on its second year, and notwithstanding minor glitches in the system, electronic voting has proven to be a worthy progression in one of the basic democratic processes in modern society.Alecks got to UP a little past 2 p. m. last February 24, the day of the student council election this year. As a registered graduate student, he had made sure to drop by the campus to cast votes, first time to participate in the automated system on a university-wide scale. There was already a long queue outside the designated voting center at the College of Arts and Letters. Some students were waiting for their call to be located on the slant, while others were waiting for their turn at the computer terminals. There were no paper ballots or ballot boxes in sight. 2. 3 Findings on related studies and theories Accordin g to Alecks P.Pabico (a writer of the investigate motifing Magazine), for the more important aspects of the electoral process from voter registration, voting, vote counting to canvassing touches of contemporaneity have been an elusive as replies with substance from candidates. Yet for the most part the problem stems not from a lack of available technological solutions. A large computerized voting system encompassed the three major phases of the elections registration, voting and tabulation. Pilot tested in council elections in universities, it has proven to be an effective safe-guard against fraud and manipulation corresponding dag-dag bawas. . 4 Terms Adopted in the Study 2. 4. 1Technical harm Automated election system a system using appropriate technology for voting and electronic devices to count votes and canvass/consolidate results. estimator literacy-defined as the knowledge and ability to use computers and technology efficiently. info a collection of facts, figures, and statistics related to an object. Database a collection of related or similar records that are mostly used together. Data security the means of ensuring that data is kept safe fromcorruption and that access to it is fitly controlled. lively system- a system that is currently being used by the institution. Networking- the act of working using computer network or the act of connecting computers into network. organization design- the process or art of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. User friendly-a system that is easy to learn and to use. 2. 4. 2 Operational terms Automation- the automatic operation or control of equipment, a process, or a system. Election is a formal decision-making process by which a population chooses an various(prenominal) to hold public office.Input the term denoting either an entrance or changes which are inserted into a system and which activate/modify a process. Outpu t the term denoting either an exit or changes which exit a system and which activate/modify a process. accommodation- the act of registering or being registered. CHAPTER III ARCHITECTURIAL DESIGN 3. 1 The Existing arranging The existing system of San Miguel National High School when having a Student Supreme Government (SSG) election, all proceedings like voters registration and voting, is done manually. The election is held during the 3rd week of February for every year.To be one of the candidates for the election the student must have a grade of at least 85% and above. The student who is running for president must be a 3rd year student. During the election, the SMNHS COMELEC will prepare a sample ballots and a ballot box for each class room. To vote, the students have to write the names of the candidates for every position that they want to elect. For the validation of votes, every student will have to put feel marks on the sample ballots. After the election, the COMELEC, alon g with the SSG adviser, will count the votes one by one in front of the entire student. . 1. 1 Data Flow Diagram See appendix B 3. 2 Problem Identifications of the Existing System This section presents all the problems identified by the researchers after meeting place all data by means of interviewing the SSG Adviser of San Miguel National High School. 3. 2. 1 fork outation of the Problems The following are the problems identified by the researcher base on the gathered data. 3. 2. 1 . 1The process of counting the votes one by one is kind of time consuming process. 3. 2. 1 . 2The votes cannot be secured or can be falsifies. 3. 2. 1. The writing of the student may not be clear. 3. 2. 1. 4The COMELEC officers disregard the student that did not vote. 3. 3 The jut outd System 3. 3. 1 Needs for the System The system needs maintenance to maintain the security, accuracy and the capacity of the system. 3. 3. 2 Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System See Appendix C 3. 4 Objectives of th e Proposed System To help the School especially the San Miguel National High School to their manually voting of their organization (SSG). 3. 4. 1 General Objective of the proposed System To create an automated voting system for the San Miguel National High School. 3. 4. 2 Specific Objective of the proposed System 3. 4. 3. 1 The system functionality should ensure that no one can contort or modify the result of the voting by eliminating a valid vote or counting an invalid vote in the final tally. 3. 4. 3. 2 A system that provides a log-on security to secure the votes and to ensure that only authorized person can access the system. 3. 4. 3. 3 The system that permits only eligible voters to vote and ensure that each eligible voter can vote only once. 3. 4. 3. To ensure that no one can duplicate his or someone elses vote and no one can change someone elses vote. 3. 4 Users of the System The SMNHS Student Council Voting System is intended for the use of San Miguel National High Schools s tudent, SSG president and COMELEC officers. It will help the COMELEC Officers to register students, prepare the election, and calculating the votes. It will lessen the time they consumed conducting a student council election. It will lessen the effort of the SSG president and COMELEC officers preparing and distributing the sample ballots and ballot boxes to each room. 3. Environment of the Usage System The following are activities that can be done by the use of the new system 3. 6. 1 The system accept data inputs to create student records such as their student number, name, address, age, gender, year and section. 3. 6. 2Lessen the time consumed during the counting of votes. 3. 6. 3 Student who has already voted cannot vote again. 3. 6. 4Automatically prints the result of election. 3. 6. 5 Administrator is the only person to access the system. 3. 7 Components of the Proposed System 3. 7. 1 General features of the Proposed System The world(a) features of the proposed system are the f ollowing 3. . 1. 1 posting Driven pertaining to software that makes extensive use of menus to enable users to choose alternatives and guide syllabus operations. 3. 7. 1. 2Help Facilitiesin which reach out the users to support in the learningprocess. 3. 7. 1. 3 User Friendly-it provides user friendly features that will help the user to interact easily in manipulating the system. 3. 7. 1. 4 Reliability the system performs specific task correctly to support the transaction entered. 3. 7. 1. 5 Security it will include password to ensure that unauthorized user cannot read or use the data to make sure that the ystem files are safe in unnecessary information and for the privacy of counting of voting. 3. 5. 3 Functions of the System 3. 5. 4. 5 ocular Table of Content Program Level See Appendix D 3. 5. 4. 6 Visual Table of Content Module Level See Appendix E 3. 5. 4. 7 Visual Table of Content System Level System Level PASSWORD 0 Main Module identity card 1. 0 Voting Menu 2. 1 Select 2. 2 Submit 2. 3 belong 2. 0 Official Ballot 3. 4 Submit 3. 5 hazard PASSWORD 0 Main Module Menu 1. 0 Admin Menu 2. 1 Add Voter 2. 2. 1 Generate Students ID 2. 2. 2 Generate word of honor 2. 2. 3 Add Voter 2. 2. 4 View 2. . 5 Save 2. 2 Voters list 2. 3. 6 Select 2. 3 vista list 2. 4. 7 Delete 2. 4 Search 2. 5. 8 Search by ID 2. 5. 9 Search by summons 2. 5 About 2. 6 View 2. 7. 10 Candidate list 2. 7 Application Form 1. 7. 1 Candidate allowance 2. 8 hide 2. 9. 11 Canvassing Report 2. 9. 12 Voters Report 2. 9. 13 element/Year Report 2. 9 Tool 2. 10. 14 word 1. 10 breathing out 3. 7. 3 Systems Inputs The following are the input of the system 3. 7. 3. 1Password that contains a set of characters uses to log-in the Administrator for the system to operate (to register students and begin the voting). . 7. 3. 2 The students number, name, address, age, year, and section. 3. 7. 3. 3The students vote for every position. 3. 7. 4 System Outputs The following will be the output of the sy stem 3. 7. 4. 1 The system will produce the printed result of the election. 3. 7. 4. 2The list of the registered student who did not vote. 3. 7. 4. 3 The list of candidates in their selected position. 3. 7. 4. 4 The current status of the election 3. 7. 5 Input Process Output Charts 3. 7. 5. 1 System IPO See Appendix F 3. 7. 6 Data DictionaryA Data Dictionary of San Miguel National High School (SMNHS) Student Council Voting System Table cook Attribute Name circumscribe font set up Range PK Users UserID UserID Autonumber xxxxxx N/A PK Username Username Text xxxxxx Password Password Text xxxxxx Table Name Attribute Name Contents fictional character Format Range PK dumbfound PositionID PositionID Autonumber xxxxxx N/A PK Position Position Text xxxxxx Table Name Attribute Name Contents pillow slip Format Range PK Voters VoterID VoterID Autonumber xxxxxx N/A PK Username Username Text xxxxxx Password Password Text xxxxxx Name Name Text xxxxxx Year Year Text xxxx xx Section Section Text xxxxxx Voted Voted Text xxxxxx Table Name Attribute Name Contents pillowcase Format Range PK Candidates CandidateID CandidateID modus operandi xxxxxx N/A K PositionID PositionID Number xxxxxx Name LastFirst Name Text xxxxxx Year Year Number xxxxxx Section Section Text xxxxxx Photo Photo/Image OLE Object . jpg/. png Votes Votes Number xxxxxx A Data Dictionary of San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Entity ___________________________________________________________________ LabelVoters gate Type Description also known as regard ass and Meanings Input Data flow Vote Output Data flow Notes Long Name Registered Student ____________________________________________________________________ LabelUser insertion Type Description Alias quantifys and Meanings Input Data flow Output Data flow Notes Long Name Admin ____________________________________________________________________ A Data Dictionary of San Miguel Nat ional High School Student Council Voting System Elements ___________________________________________________________________ carelessness SystemSan Miguel National High SchoolStudent Council Voting System Label Students ID Type and duration extension Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form SecurityAdmin Description and Comment Date Alias Default evaluate pleasing Value User Responsibility Admin ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Default SystemSan Miguel National High SchoolStudent Council Voting System Label Students Password Type and spaceSource Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form SecurityAdmin Description and Comment Date Alias Default Value Acceptable Value User Responsibility Admin ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Default SystemSan Miguel Nat ional High SchoolStudent Council Voting System Label First Name Type and Length Source Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form SecurityAdmin Description and Comment Date Alias Default Value Acceptable Value User Responsibility Admin __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Default SystemSan Miguel National High SchoolStudent Council Voting System Label Last Name Type and Length Source Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form SecurityAdmin Description and Comment Date Alias Default Value Acceptable Value - User Responsibility Admin ________________________________________________________________________ Default System San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Label Year levelType and Length Source Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form Security Admin Date Alias Default Value Acceptable Value User Responsibility Admin ___________________ _____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Default SystemSan Miguel National High SchoolStudent Council Voting System Label Section Type and Length Source Voter Registration Form/Candidate Registration Form SecurityAdmin Description and Comment Date Alias Default Value Acceptable Value -User Responsibility Admin 3. 5 Development Flowchart and memorandum 3. 8. 1 Gantt chart See Appendix G 3. 6. 4 System Flowchart See Appendix H 3. 6. 5 Program Flowchart See Appendix I CHAPTER IV DETAILED DESIGN 4. 1Standards and Conventions This chapter will explain the standard and convention used in design of the proposed system to ensure the conformity throughout the system and to emphasize the system very well. 4. 1. 1 Design Methodology The proposal used the top-down programming approach as the design technique in the process of developing the simulation of the system.This approach refers to a problem solving t echnique which involves in voting, analysis to the total of vote, design of the program or solution in terms of large objectives, designing the modules and subroutines needed in the program and finally writing the detailed code. 4. 1. 2 Program identification and Convention A special name was given to all programs of every module in a way that it describes each subprogram in order to represent the function to be performed. Names are related to each subprogram giving emphases on what each module is performing. This can be seen in the module specification section on this chapter. 4. 1. data file Naming and Convention Each record of the student used in the program was classified with their student number so that the user can easily understand and can vote wisely for the running candidates. Each student who already voted is automatically save in the database of the system for validation of the processes performed by each subprogram. 4. 2 Module condition This section discusses all inf ormation to the highest degree modules of the proposed system. NameSystem Password adviseTo protect and secure the election to illegible voters EntryPassword elapse InputsValid Password OutputsMain Menu Errors CallsVoting MenuCalled by Remarks NameVoting Menu exerciseTo provide ballot form for the students Entry filling qualifying resource Exit Inputs natural selection OutputsOfficial Ballot Errors Calls1. 1 Select, 1. 2 Submit, 1. 3 Exit Called by 0 MAIN Menu Remarks NameOfficial Ballot PurposeTo show the list of elected candidates Entry pickaxe ExitChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsYour Choice Errors Calls2. 1 Submit, 2. 2 Back Called by Voting Menu Remarks NameSystem Password PurposeTo provide and secure votes to unauthorized person EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsAdmin Menu Errors Calls2. 1 Submit, 2. 2 BackCalled by 0 MAIN Menu Remarks NameAdmin Menu PurposeTo display Admin Menu EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsYour Choice Errors Calls1. 1 Add Voter, 1. 2 Voters List, 1. 3 Candidate List, 1. 4 Search, 1. 5 About, 1. 6 View, 1. 7 Application form, 1. 8 Report, 1. 9 Tool,1. 10 Exit Called by Voting Menu Remarks NameAdd Voter PurposeTo Register new voter EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsYour Choice Errors Calls1. 1. 1Generate Student id, 1. 1. 2 Generate Student Password, 1. 1. 3 Add voter, 1. 1. 4 View, 1. 1. 5 Save Called by Admin Menu Remarks NameVoters ListPurposeTo View the list of voters and update voters status EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsVoters Registration Form Errors Calls2. 1 Select Called by Admin Menu Remarks NameCandidate List PurposeTo View the list of candidates and delete former candidates EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsYour Choice Errors Calls1. 3. 1 Delete Called by Admin Menu Remarks NameSearch PurposeSearch the voters record EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsYour Choice Errors Calls1. 4. 1Search by ID, 1. 4. 2Search by Name Called by Admin Menu Remarks NameAboutPurposeAbout the system and the Developers EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit Inputs OutputsDisplay information Errors Calls Called by Admin Menu Remarks NameView PurposeYou can view the candidates list and voters list EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsDisplay information Errors Calls1. 6. 1 Candidate list Called by Admin Menu Remarks NameCandidate list PurposeYou can view the candidates list EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsDisplay information Errors Calls1. 6. 1. 1 President List, 1. 6. 1. 2 V-President List, 1. 6. 1. 3 Secretary List, 1. 6. 1. 4 Treasurer List1. . 1. 5 Auditor List, 1. 6. 1. 6 PIO List1. 6. 1. 7 Project Manager List, 1. 6. 1. 8 Sergeant at Arms List1. 6. 1. 9 4th Yr. Representative List,1. 6. 1. 10 3rd Yr. Representative 1. 6. 1. 11 2nd Yr. Representative List, 1. 6. 1. 12 Gr. 7 Representative List Called by Admin Menu Remarks NameApplication Form PurposeThe Application Form of the candidates and voters EntryChoice Exi tChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsDisplay information Errors Calls Called by Admin Menu Remarks NameCandidate Registration PurposeDisplay the registration form of the said position EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit InputsChoiceOutputsDisplay information Errors Calls Called by Admin Menu Remarks NameReport PurposeThe canvassing report and the candidate displayed EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsDisplay information Errors Calls1. 8. 1 Canvassing Report, 1. 8. 2 Voters Report 1. 8. 3 Section/Year Report 1. 8. 4 Result Called by Admin Menu Remarks NameCanvassing Report PurposeTo know the outstanding report of the candidates EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsDisplay information Errors Calls1. 8. 1. 1President Candidates,1. 8. 1. 2 V-President Candidates,1. 8. 1. 3 Secretary Candidates,1. 8. 1. Treasurer Candidates 1. 8. 1. 5 Auditor Candidates, 1. 8. 1. 6 PIO Candidates 1. 8. 1. 7 Project Manager Candidates, 1. 8. 1. 7 Sergeant at Arms Candidates, 1. 8. 1. 8 4th Yr. Representative Candidates 1. 8. 1. 9 3rd Yr. Representative Candidates, 1. 8. 1. 10 2ndYr. Representative Candidate, 1. 8. 1. 11 Gr. 7 Representative Candidates Called by Admin Menu Remarks NameVoters Report PurposeThe numbers of voters who vote and who did not, and the total of votes EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsDisplay information Errors Calls1. 8. 2. 1Search, 1. 8. 2. 2 Refresh, 1. 8. 2. 3 Print Called by Admin MenuRemarks NameSection/Year Report PurposeThe numbers of registered voters EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsDisplay information Errors Calls1. 8. 3. 1Search, 1. 8. 3. 2 Refresh, 1. 8. 3. 3 Print Called by Admin Menu Remarks NameResult PurposeTo display the result of the election EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsDisplay information Errors Calls1. 8. 4. 1 Refresh, 1. 8. 4. 2 Print Called by Admin Menu Remarks NameTool PurposeDisplay the student password EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsDisplay information Erro rs Calls1. 1. 9. 1 Password Called by Admin MenuRemarks NameExit PurposeClose the system if you want EntryChoice ExitChoice Exit InputsChoice OutputsDisplay information Errors Calls Called by Admin Menu Remarks 4. 2 Module Specification MODULE MAIN Menu This section calls the other modules or program. Mouse and menu rentn may used to access each subprogram. MODULE PASSWORD The module requires users ID and a correct password. If the password is correct, the Voting Menu and Admin Menu that we used by only one module at a time will be automatically display. MODULE pick out MENU The module provides ballot form for the registered student to vote. MODULE ADMIN MENUThe module provides menu for the admin to access, manage, maintain and secure files. DATA ENTRY For the Voting Menu the polar option includes Select, Submit, and Exit. For the Admin Menu includes Generate, Add Voter, Save, View, Select, Delete, Find, and Print. OFFICIAL BALLOTS Show the candidates to be elected. APPLICATION F ORM The module provides registration form for Voters and candidates. ABOUT Show information about the system. EXIT Close the Menus 4. 4 File Specification System San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Record Size File Name Student Council Voting System Storage Media DiskTable name Candidate Organization Index champaign Name Data Type External Length Candidate ID AutoNumber PositionID Text Name Text Year Number Section Text Photo OLE Object Votes Number System San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Record Size File Name Student Council Voting System Storage Media Disk Table name Position Organization Index Field Name Data Type External Length PositionID Text Position Text System San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Record Size File Name Student Council Voting System Storage Media DiskTable name Users Organization Index Field Name Data Type External Length UserID AutoNumber Username Text Password Text System San Miguel National High School Student Council Voting System Record Size File Name Student Council Voting System Storage Media Disk Table name Voters Organization Index Field Name Data Type External Length VoterID AutoNumber Username Text Password Text Name Text Year Text Section Text Voted Text 4. 5 Screen Format See Appendix J. 4. 6 Report Format See Appendix K. 4. 7 Hardware Specification ITEMS SPECIFICATIONS/BRAND PRICEComputer Terminal Compaq(Compaq435)- AMD-Windows 8 Pro-2 GB DDR Memory-500GB Hard Disk Drives-Less than 25 mm thin and 2. 5 kg light-ODD/HDD-A large volume hard disk and 8X DVD-Super Multi drive in a small form factor for massive storage and media usage-LAN/VGA Port-Multimedia Card- Optical disk access indicator-Kensington lock slot-802. 11 b/g/n Wi-Fi P 20,000. 00 Power Supply 29. 00 Total P20,029. 00 4. 8 Cost Benefit Analysis 4. 8. 1 Presentation of Cost 4. 8. 1. 1 Existing System write off A. Supplies get down Description Unit Cost Qty/ day time Qty/Year Cost/Year Ball pen 10/pc 50pcs. 50pcs 500. 00Bond Paper clxx/rim 4 rim 4 rim 680. 00 Pentel Pen 48/pc 40pcs. 40pcs 1,920. 00 Manila Paper 5/pc 15pcs. 15pcs 75. 00 Staple Wire 10/box 10box 10pcs 100. 00 Stapler 150/pc 10pcs 10pcs 1,500. 00 Folder 12/pc 35pcs 35pcs 420. 00 Ballot Box (Carton) 5/pc 35pcs 35pcs 175. 00 Packing Tape 45/pc 10pcs 10pcs 450. 00 printer 3,400/pc 1pc 1pc 3,400. 00 Pencil 6/pc 50pcs 50 300. 00 Ink 300/set 1set 1set 300. 00 Certification 3/pc 24pcs 24pcs 72. 00 Snacks (Teachers Comelec) 100 30pcs 30pcs 3,000. 00 Total Supplies Expense/yr P 12,892. 00 B. Electric ConsumptionHours/Day Cost/Hour Daily Rate Cost/Year 8 36. 00 288. 00 288. 00 Total Electric Expense per Day P288. 00 Total Existing System Expense P 13,180. 00 C. Equipment Expense Quantity Item Price 1 Power Supply P 300. 00 6 Printer Ink 600. 00 Total Equipment Expense P 900. 00 D. Maintenance Expense Maintenance Fund Expense/Day 0 Total Maintenance ExpenseP 0. 00 E. Computer ph ysical exertion Expense Software Package Cost Visual Basic 6. 0 Microsoft Access 2007 Total Software Costs P 5,000. 00 F. Training/Seminar Expense 1 day Training/Seminar Expense P 300. 00 Total System Expense P 6,700. 0 4. 8. 2 Presentation of Benefits YOP Cost Future Value Present Value Acc. Present Value 0 -6,700. 00 1 P 3,000. 00 P 2,800. 00 P 2,800. 00 2 4,000. 00 3,780. 00 6,580. 00 3 5,000. 00 4,894. 00 11,474. 00 4 6,000. 00 5,132. 00 16,606. 00 5 7,000. 00 6,356. 00 22,962. 00 Rate of Return (ROR) (E/C) 1/nLet E = Earning C = Cost n = Number of days (P 22,962 / P 6,700) 1/5 = (3. 4272) 0. 2 = 3. 2272 or 0. 3227% Payback Period ( APV C/ APV) + prior YearLet Cost = 6,700. 00 AVP = 16,606. 00 Previous Year = 3 (16,606. 00 6,700. 00 / 16,606. 00) + 3 = (0. 59653) + 3 = 3. 9 (3 years and 6 months) CHAPTER V IMPLEMENTATION 5. 1 Implementation Phase In this section, the proposal will discuss the activities that they have to vote in order to the flow of the system. I t is included also the maintenance of the system in order to empty the redundancy of the voting and to keep the good proceeding of the system for the student of using automated election. The implementation of this proposed system though conditions will also be presented to insure it accuracy, capability in reaching the intended target, effective for producing a desire voters in the election, integrity and to further check the errors. . 2 Program Specification The Visual Basic 6. 0 was used by the system to develop the software programs. Visual Basic 6. 0 offers a file handling performance needed by the system and it is integrated with Microsoft Access 2013 on which the proposed design the database management system. 5. 3 Program Testing After all the modules of the program have been finished, the proposed system test is to see if the output is performed very well for the satisfaction of the user and to avoid the errors that will occur during the election day.Although the proposed system is simulation, the test showed that San Miguel National High School voting system performed the high standard, accuracy, and the reliability of the system. 5. 4 Security and Back Up plans The proposed system has own password for the intended user to protect the system from unauthorized access information. This system also provides an option to create back up copies of information on the system and place it in secured place outside of the company. Authorized personnel are responsible to keep the back up files so the in the case of system loss, regeneration is possible. . 5 Maintenance Plan The back up files should be made in order to maintain the system from possible loss of important data and damages programs. These files are most significant when unexpected hardware failure results in damages program file and loss of data, so the user should at least make two (2) copies of all files every data processing for a better maintenance of the system. 5. 6 User Training In order to have an effective operation of the system, the proposed system suggest that the user should be trained on how to interest with the system to ensure the integrity of the system.The training of the student to use the system is help by the intended administrator who knows the system. This Automated SSG election system is user friendly to ensure the success implementation. CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION AND testimonial 6. 1 Conclusion As other School and establishments, San Miguel National High School together with their existing system, faced various problems. San Miguel National High School still utilizes the some manual procedure in preparing for their student council election.We, the researchers formulated the objective of the study To find out the flow and functionality of the present semi-automated system and likewise. Propose and present an automated Student Voting Council system to the sufficient and more lessen of preparing for the coming student election. To cope up with the problems , the researchers initial step was to study and conduct some interview to school (e. g. SSG Adviser, Officers, and Students). We analyzed the present system so as to locate the various limitations therein.Observations were also done in order to find out the conditions and steps for the voting system. Elections rely heavily on manual tallying and canvassing of votes thus making them vulnerable to control and manipulate. To ensure a credible and transparent electoral process, the modernization of the electoral system through computerization shall be supported to ensure the credibility of polls and correct the deficiencies in the electoral system. To eliminate many ineffective features of the present system, the researcher come up with proposed system modeled basically to counter act the above limitations.Some steps that made the process quit long eliminated as the automated program was sufficient enough. Computations were accomplished by the computer itself while files were kept in or der and gathered with reliable security. The study revealed that utilizing computers will in the long run be financially beneficial to the School. Based on the findings and data gathered, the researchers have come up with the following conclusions 1. The existing system of San Miguel National High School when having a Student Supreme Government (SSG) election, all transactions like voters registration and voting, is done manually. . The existing system generates many problems such as redundant voters, time consuming, heavy workload (esp. SSG Adviser). And difficulty in modify and editing the files of the voters. 3. That there is need for an enhancement of their system due to the problem of their existing system, a new system is entirely required to the substitute the present process that is quit inferior. Voting can be made available in the same day of election. The COMELEC will not be busy the week before the election to prepare all the ballot of every student.The day of the Elect ion they can easily print the winner of the election signed by SSG adviser. 4. That the new system would meet the limitations of the existing manual system. The proposed automated SSG voting council system is effective because the computation and manipulation of files are done by the computer, thus eliminating redundancy, voters records will be refrained these may be possibly eliminated. 5. The researchers also recommend this study to the students as a guide in doing the same study in other public or private purposes. 6. 2 RecommendationsThe researchers recommend that the proposed system be implemented as to put an end may enormous work shouldered, by the voters in the COMELEC of San Miguel National High School. In implementing this system, the COMELEC can work harmoniously have more quality time spent for other tasks, and system will be freed from deficiencies. The researchers believed that the proposed system offers quality services without spending much time and effort. It is als o recommended that the school comply with the requirements of the proposed system so that difficulties may be possibly eliminated.

Health Risks Posed by Preservatives Present in Processed Food

Food additives are used in processed aliment because of the following 1) to keep the consistency of a received product, for instance, to prevent it from separating, to keep its even texture, to assist salt to broadly pour 2) to keep the products nutritional value 3) to keep the foods delectableness, for instance, to prevent it from getting spoiled 4) to regulate acidity or alkalinity level in the product and 5) to improve the color and flavor of the product (Benivia.. , 2006). There whitethorn be a number of advantages for food additives on processed food however, there are numerous disadvantages that go along with it as well (The.. 2006). These disadvantages hold the following1) some bring about cancer 2) some may cause allergic reactions 3) some may pose hazard to those individuals who are pregnant, those with definite sicknesses like hypertension and kidney trouble, as well as, those who are only between 1 and 12 months old 4) etc. (The.. ,2006). That being said, any resear cher forget only be left with the question, How do I deal with the health risks posed by food additives present in many processed food? There are several things that can be carried out including the following 1) as much as possible, avoid purchasing and eating processed food by consuming only organic/ unfermentedly picked wizards, setting up ones own garden, etc2) if too busy to purchase organic/fresh food everyday, then read the labels of the processed food, do a little research and check if such are safe, tested not only in animals but humans, as well 3) read health updates, typically, the Food and Drug Administration issues advisory on food additives proven to be hazardous to ones health 4) familiarize oneself with the most common food additives that have been positively associated with negative effects, for example, remember that intake of nitrites results in nausea, or that natural flavors may have free glutamates that may ruin the nervous system, etc last but not least 5) in clude antioxidants in the daily diet, since such fights off and releases free radicals in the body which include the preservatives or food additives mentioned (The.. ,2006).

American Chemical Corporation Essay

Statement of the problem In October of 1979, the American Chemical Corporation (ACC) began looking for a emptor for the Collinsville, Alabama plant after successfully acquiring 91% of the shares of Universal Paper Corporation. Dixon Corporation, a specialist chemical company with customers primarily in the cover and pulp industry agreed to the possibility of purchasing the Collinsville plant for $12 million. This purchase go out diversify Dixons product line, adding the sodium chlorate chemical, produced at the Collinsville plant, need by its existing customers. Dixon is evaluating different streams of cash inclines for the possibility of purchasing the Collinsville plant.Discussion The decision to acquire Collinsvilles plant will translate into strategic and economical benefits. Dixon could increase their supply of chemical products to their existing clients. However, first we looked in to the risk of the possible venture. Dixon has never produced sodium chlorate which could a dd risk to the new venture. For this reason we cypher the beta of the project based on the beta of the sodium chlorate industry. We focused on Brunswick and Southern Chemical which are pure play sodium chlorate companies.The bonnie unleveraged beta obtained from the two companies is 1.035 which reflects the risk of the project. Adjusting Dixons beta by re-levering it using its own target metropolis structure of 35% ends with a beta of 1.59. The beta obtained is used to derive the CAPM method, resulting in a 21.45% cost of equity. We assumed that the debt borrowed by Dixon has a rate of 11.25% calculating an after-tax cost of debts of 5.85%. Therefore, the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for Collinsvilles plant cash flow is nearly 16%. This ratio will be used to evaluate the different NPVs of the projects.To make an investment funds decision three scenarios have been analyzed. The first and second scenarios are to finance the plant in 5 years or 10 years severally both w ith a nonentity salvage value at the end of the term. The Third option is to purchase the plant with a laminated technology, ACCs technical support, and zero salvage value at the end of the term. The first two alternatives resulted in negative NPVs of ($1,928) and ($1,932) respectively, through an incremental cash flow analysis. However, acquiring Collinsville with the laminated technology will result in a positive NPV of $4,960, as well as,reducing the electric power by 30%, and the possibility of adapting this technology to other plants to centre operating costs.Recommendation Based on our analysis, we recommend that Dixon Corporation invest in Collinsville with the laminate technology. Any of the other options, based on our incremental cash flow analysis, resulted in negative NPVs. We recommend investing in nothing other than the laminate technology project for the benefit of the shareholders. However, Dixon should make an acquisition agreement protecting itself in case the lam inate technology fails in providing expected results. It should be stated that ACC should compensate Dixon for any installation charges. The acquisition of the plant will increase wealth to the shareholders, as well as, complement the supplying of chemical products to our existing clients.

Advance Criminology

From the beginning of the world, there ar two terms generated among the merciful beings i.e. Peace and Crime, non only in the Human being but also among the creatures of world. Crime is an activity prohibited or not authorized by law that may be punishable by the governing authority.Generally, the offence begins among the people for the following reasons i.e. money, property, and women. There are several types of offences committed in all the communities, when it became serious it got the face of Cognizable and if it is simple in nature it is called Non knowable. The cognizable offices are usually serious in nature.Mostly the crimes committed by the early days are Theft, Robbery, Dacoit, Murders etc. Because the youth are prone to do any illegal acts to achieve something or due to aberration by the Political leaders, adults as well as parents.Other than youth, the following crimes may occur like Assault, Cheating, Forgery, Nuisance etc. if the weapons are used by the youth then it become truly serious crime which is called Cognizable offence. But predominantly the knowledgeable offences are occurred by youth only, like Adultery, Bigamy, Rape Where the question of committing the offence of Rape a youth may do it to overcome his passion or to fulfill his sexual desire or any enmity with that particular female. Where the question of sexual offence is concerned, It is not true to say that only Males commit crime, while females are with the par avian of males in the same manner. The punishment for any cognizable offence is Death sentence, life imprisonment, 10 years imprisonment fine or both respectively.In the present scenario of the world mostly sexual offences are in frequency among the youth, because new generation became independent. Since the early 1990s, youth violence has become a policy priority at entry level of American judicature2.Every body yearn for freedom with all respect and more over there are lot of facilities to make contact with each oth er by means of communications like, through Cell, Internet etc and as well as there is no provision on International Level.Where as property matters are concerned crimes may occur in non cognizable comparison to other criminal offences. On the other hand crime is based on sexual practice race like Black, White, but this issue is mostly in U.S.A. As perthe History of USABlacks were not always been given an opportunities of juries, and they have been assassinated for the critical violation of existing law and many of these killings occurred without any legal process.Though the Supreme court has through efficient control over this, yet the system could not eliminate racial bias.On the other hand the Carolyn Snurkowski of the Florida attorney generally office believes that the disproportionate number of blacks on death row can explain the point that, Many black murders result from barroom brawls that wouldnt call for the death penalty, but many white murders occur on top of another o ffense, such as robbery (as cited in Gest,1986.)This may be true but the Washington legal Foundation says that blacks are arrested for murder at a high rate than whites.Violence has become a part of accepted backdrop in United States there are also stringent laws to curtail them3. What we privation now is social investment which will drive out the crimes most effectively. It is the time to act on that lines or else the next generations will feel the mistakes done by the present generation.Ultimately there is no end of crime and offences are being committed by youth It is true that we cannot find any unpolished where there is no crime. It is also fact that there is no end of crime till the Doomsday.Bibliography1.Encyclopedia Crime , wikipedia, U.S, 0412, 13 December 20072.BookFranklin E. Zimring, American youth violence, sassy York, 1998.3. new-madespaper Article on the InternetElliott Currie Crime and Punishment in America New York Times, 1998. Metropolitan Crime , wikipedia, U.S, 0412, 13 December 2007 2 Franklin E. Zimring, American youth violence, New York, 1998 3 Elliott Currie Crime and Punishment in America New York Times, 1998. Metropolitan

Compare and Contrast of Agriculture Technology Between hang Dynasty and Han Dynasty Essay

For the past five thousand days, human civilizations have existed on the earth and constantly reforming and contributing to our smart set. The excellences human do are unprecedented, and the experience theses civilizations cumulated stop also be continuously studied by the people nowadays.This year, we learnt many great civilizations, among the civilizations in ancient China, the Shang dynasty and the Han dynasty are the virtually outstanding civilizations. Their cultures are distinct and their contributions are tremendous. Although now we disregard find their stories, cultures and inventions only on history books, their contributions and achievements are still having deep affection to us. gardening is a very significant part of a civilization. Without agriculture, making progress is impossible.Agriculture is the foundation of everything. Agriculture is a good reflection of science and engine room in a civilization. During the comparing and contrasting of the agriculture of S hang dynasty and Han dynasty, we can get a deeper understanding of the great knowledge and intelligent of the people of the two dynasties. We can also discover the development and progress they have do. The Shang dynasty is the chip dynasty in Chinese history. The Shang Dynasty last from 1600 B. C. to 1046 B. C. and experienced three mountainous stages.The Han dynasty can be change integrity into two historical block which are western Han dynasty (202 B. C. to 9 A. D. ) and eastern Han dynasty (25A. D. to 220 A. D. ) Both Shang dynasty and Han dynasty are important civilization in Chinese history. Also, both dynasties do big breakthrough in agriculture. From the research of a large number of archaeological material and oracle records, archaeologists concluded that the Shang dynasty is operating mostly on agriculture.Although at that time, the handicraft industry has been developed, agriculture is still the ifeline of the economy during Shang dynasty. Basically, the main type of agriculture during Shang dynasty was glebe farming, and in the southward of Shang dynasty, which is the Yangtze River subject field, the popular agriculture type was paddy field farming. A very important reason that stimulates the development of agricultural engine room during the Shang dynasty is the development of bronze industry. During Shang dynasty, the bronze industry developed very quickly. Especially in the late Shang dynasty, the development of bronze industry came into its own stage.The appearance of bronze tools made the agricultural technology developed quickly. The question that most people allow for concern is that how did people in Shang dynasty make bronze tools? It is true that it was a very sticky process for people in the Shang dynasty to make bronze tools. So, at the beginning, the amounts of bronze tools are very limited. People in the Shang dynasty usually expenditure carpentry tools including knife, adz, and axes to make bronze tools. In the middle Sha ng period, craftsmen can already made garland changes of bronze tools like shovels, Jues, adz.However, at that time, at that place were no enough sources of cooper metal compared with sources of stone tools also, the process of making bronze tools is complicated. As the result, in the middle period of Shang dynasty, bronze tools were not widely used. Also, most of the bronze tools were under the control of agricultural officers. Civilians and slaves cannot have these bronze tools. They can only use the heavy farm tools like stone spade, axes. Then, at the late period of the Shang dynasty, this problem got solved because of the expansion of the production scale.At the same time, the appearance of irrigation technology and the strict management also helped to make the development of the agriculture in the Shang dynasty. As the main production department during the Shang dynasty, the developed agricultural technology provided the society with a great deal of food, in this way, a la rge number of people leave the career of agricultural production and began to buy the farm in other aspects for example traffic people, officers, soldiers, professional producers and so on. The government of Han dynasty put lots of effort on the restore and development of agricultural.Han dynasty began after the perish of Qin dynasty. At the beginning of the Han dynasty, because of the long period of wars occur during the late period of the Qin dynasty, the agricultural and economy paralyzed. The people died in the wars are mostly farmers, as a result, the labor decrease and theres not enough people to take care of the cropland. At that time, the total population went straight down from 20 million to 8 million. Emperor Gaozu of Han solved these problems and agriculture of Han dynasty restored and developed very quickly.There were lots of innovations and invention of agriculture during the Han dynasty. These achievements can be divided into three aspects. Firstly, there are huge de velopments towards the irrigation. Secondly, there are improvements of agricultural tools and technology. The third one is the cultivation of crops and vegetables. At the beginning of the Han dynasty, there are flood from upstream the Yellow River every year. It is a big hazard to the residents who lived in the downstream of the Yellow River. Their croplands got destroyed and some of them lost their houses.Emperor Wudi of Han lead his people solved this problem. Thirty thousand people work together to remove the siltation of the river and planted trees on the upstream of the river. After this recuperation, there was no big flood occurred in the Yellow River. There are lots of interesting and useful inventions during the Han dynasty. Above is agriculture equipment called Libi. Libi is a plow equipped with a double moldboard. People put Libi on a plough can turns up the soil on each side of the furrow. With the Libi, the efficiency of cultivation increase. The application of Libi is a big improvement in agriculture.Also, it is nearly 1000 years earlier than Europe of use the similar thing. Above is another invention which is called Lou. It is an animal- drawn seed plough. It has three feed. With Lou, people can do cultivation course three rows at a time. Lou can do three tasks opening ditches, sowing, covering with soil at one time. Lou made farmers during the Han dynasty save much generation and did more works. Lou increased the efficiency of the busy working farmers. The popularization of cultivation works with cattle would be another development on agriculture during the Han Dynasty.At that time, the most popular ways of cultivation are two people with three cattle and one people with two cattle. The ways that cultivation using cattle made people worked easily. The third achievement that we mentioned above is the cultivation crops and vegetables. Firstly, people made the cultivation of crops regionalized. In the northern area, people grew wheat, and In the Yangtze River area and Southern area, people grew rice. Also then the scales of the cultivation get larger. Another impressive improvement on agriculture is the cultivation of vegetables.During the Han dynasty, people already has variety chooses of vegetables including the vegetables we usually eat now like celeries, carrot, taro, green onion, garlic and so on. The most amazing thing is that during Han dynasty, people already learnt to grow vegetables in the greenhouse. During the eastern Han period, there were over 20 kinds of vegetables grew in the greenhouse. The use of greenhouse is one thousand years earlier than Europe. The biggest difference of agriculture between Shang Dynasty and Han Dynasty is the method of production.Shang dynasty is a slavery society, slaves worked collectively. Also, During Shang dynasty, the croplands were all belonged to the emperor of Shang, and he put the land law of serf society into practice. As the image show above, at that time, the roads and pass on crisscross and partitioned the cropland into squares. The emperor of Shang forced people work on the cropland. The outside parts are private fields and the inside part is public field. On the opposite, during the Han dynasty, people live and cultivation in the unit of a family. People have their own croplands.This kind of mode of production was usually described as small-scale farming by individual owners. Nowadays, in the remote mountain area or countryside, people are still using this kind of mode of production. A question may come out, why the first kind of production mode didnt last long and in the contrary the second kind of production mode last till today. In my opinion, in the Shang dynastys example, people dont have their own croplands. They work hard but the wheat and rice that come out of the croplands did not belongs to them, so they are not satisfy with the works they are doing.In contrast, with the second kind of mode of production, people are glad because if t hey put more effort, they will get more payback, so they are satisfy with their works and willing to do better. From the analyzing of the agriculture technology and development of Shang dynasty and Han dynasty, we can certainly conclude that the development in agriculture of both dynasties are significant and they both show their unbelievable intelligence to us. Their inventions and new ideas gave us inspirations. We can also see the huge improvement from Shang dynasty to Han dynasty in the 800 years. Their progresses are starling.

Betty Parris

The character Betty Parris plays an important role in the story of the Crucible. As one of the girls who danced in the forest she is part of the plays profound conflict. She is the cause of the townspeople blaming witchcraft in the first place and she is also part of the close that most of the characters are killed by the end of the fourth act. with her actions over the course of the play, Betty is shown to be fearful, easily-manipulated, and an attention-seeker. In the Crucible, one of Bettys main characteristics is her fearfulness.When her father catches her in the woods, she immediately faints to avoid any punishment and continues to pretend to be in a coma for a while later. Abigail convinces Reverend Parris that Betty was frightened and then she fainted (pg. 833) but it seems like what really happened was she was clever enough to avoid macrocosm reprimanded. She is also fearful of Abigail. After Betty wakes up, Abigail tells her that Reverend Parris knows everything and thi s causes her to springs off the bed, and rush across room to window (pg. 837) because she is afraid of what might happen.She is harassed and struck by Abigail after talking about Abigails charm to kill Goody Proctor and this causes her to submit to Abigails demands that no one speaks of what she did in the forest. Her fear of Abigail leads to her joining Abigail and the other girls throughout the rest of the play even though she seems to resent them. Another main characteristic of Betty is her tendency to be easily-manipulated. As one of the members of the group of girls who danced in the woods, she becomes a part of Abigails web of lies and deceit.At first she resists Abigail until Abigail threatens to come to her in the black of some terrible night (pg. 837) if she says anything about the charm. After that, she follows Abigail and the rest of the girls as they condemn the people of the town as well as when they lie in the courthouse and pretend to see Marys spirit attacking them. She follows Abigails every action and mimics anything that she does. This lets her lead Betty to do horrible things to people just because Betty is unable to stand up to Abigail.In the Crucible, Betty is also shown to be an attention-seeker. As a junior girl, she has the natural need for people to pay attention to her. This need is further amplified by her lack of mother, which leaves her fewer people to entertain her. When she is thought to be unconscious, numerous people come from all over town to visit her. Among these people is Mercy Lewis who claims to have wanted to see how Betty is (pg. 836). This may be another reason that Betty joins Abigail and the other girls in their escapades.She just needs the attention that the townspeople give them for condemning all the witches. One thing that shows Bettys attention-seeking is when the psalm can be heard outside of the bedroom, Betty claps her ear suddenly, and whines loudly (pg. 839). This action convinces everyone that Betty ca nnot hear the Lords name and the others mark it as a sign of witchcraft. Another physical exercise of this trait is shown when all the other girls are shouting out names in Parris house. When Betty begins to convict people with them, she stands on top of her bed as she does it.Even though Abigail and the other girls are all doing the same thing, Betty still wants the attention and so to stand apart from the others she puts herself on a higher pedestal to be seen. with her fainting in the woods, to her participation in Abigails convictions, Betty Parris is shown to be fearful, easily-manipulated, and an attention-seeker. Her role in the Crucible is an important one that drives the plot and is the cause for anyone thinking witchcraft is multiform in the first place.

Social Ills of a Society

Societal values of every society is sustained by the harmoniums of the society. interestinly,the most important organ is the goverment. so goverment is the most important organ reponsible in maintaining societal values. We are all living in a democratic world today and like democracy is clearly define as the goverment of the people by the people and for the people,this means the goverment is the peolple that make up the society. Now,a society that has failed in all sense of the word,is not without the fault of the ones that inhabitates the environs. hen wickedness and iimmoral decadence become the order of the day,and is seen as the norm in a society,then we do an issue in our hand. I mean a society where boys of 18 years are drug barons and heads of gangs responsible for murder,robbery,and distribution of illicit drugs in the society. but inspite of all these,they are celebrated and worshipped by the society which they have destroyed. Education is one area that has recieved set b ack greatly in this whole drama,as many young ones growing up dont see models in the glint of education around them,yo follow. ut they see a lot of gangsters that are making money even from a very young age. so this becomes the benchmark for measuring success in this society.Those that even went to school,immediatly they got a job that could give them some money,they left the society and went some place else to build a invigoration of thier own,as they really couldnt fit in to that world back home. This is the case with many african societies,and this has brought about alot of death,rape,unwanted pregnancies,child abuse and drug abuse. etc. but the society in time feell trapped in this quagmire irrespective of the huge prices that is been paid for all of this. his is where agencies both govermental and non-govermental,should become more strategic in saving lives and the society. they should come up with orientation programes on the effect of drugs,alcohol, and crime. the goverme nt should embark on compulsory secondary school education for all youth within the age of education. they should arrest and lock all crime defaulters so as to serve as deterrent for the others. they should build more schools in such societies and increase the activities of the law enforcement and drug enforcement agents in these kind of environs. All of these will help curb the menace of crime and drug in the socities.

Flood Measuring System Essay

This chapter includes a brief overview on data-based research and the process that led to the selection of the research design utilize in this study. Additional topics addressed in Chapter 3 are research locale, and instrumentation.Research DesignAn experimental type of methodology was employd to conduct this research. An experimental method of research is a systematic and scientific approach to research in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables, and controls and measures any change in other variables(http//explorable.com/experimental-research.html). The method is appropriate to this study since it aims to overcome the present condition of our country, specifically the areas near Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila during rainy days. The technique that the researchers go away use under experimental method is developing a device that monitors the height of the water using echo sounder sensor and sends it to the server by the means GSM module. then the data received by the GSM will be sent to the application created for android phones via internet.The purpose of employing the experimental method is to overcome the present condition of the areas near Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila during rainy days. The researcher opted to use this kind of research considering the desire to acquire data from the device that the researchers developed so as to spirt rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study.Block DiagramFlood Monitoring UnitServerAndroid finishResearch LocaleThe researchers will conduct the study to three different areas near Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, these areas are selected to inform the students of the said university if the route they will take is still passable or not. instrumentalityAn instrument was developed to monitor the flood in three different areas near Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila. This section will discuss the instrument and its development. The first step in developing the instrument was to extend to a prototype that will monitor the height of the flood on the said areas. It consists of a sonar sensor, Gizduino and GSM module. The sonar sensor is enclosed in a container with a hole at the bottom that will sense the height of the water measured in inches. It detects the height of the flood with respect to the ground as its basis. The maximum flood level itcan detect is six feet which is equivalent to 72 inches and it only reads data in whole number. It is SIM dependent.The GSM module will send the data gathered to the server. Then the server will take apart the data and relays it to android applicationvia internet.The following will be the list of materials to be employ in constructing this project.1. MicrocontrollerThe Gizduino is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 and ATmega168. It has 14 digital input/ output pins, 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything nee ded to defend the microcontroller simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adaptor or battery to get started. it is an open source computing platform based on fair input/output (I/O) board and the use of standard programming language in other words, it is a tool for implementing a program you have designed.Gizduino is programmed using the IDE (Integrated Development Environment). Gizduino is ideal for beginner programmers and hobbyists because of its simplicity compared to other platforms. It is a multiplatform environment it ca run on Windows, Macintosh, and Linux. It is programmable via USB cable, which makes it more accessible and allows confabulation with the computerFEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS Microcontroller ATmega168 or ATmega328 User Interface USB Port, DC Jack, ResetButton, ICSP Port, Shield Connection Port Debugger Port ICSP Power Input foreign8V-12V USB5V DC Power Output 3.3V PCB Size 2.7 x 2.1 inch On-board Crystal 16MHz and 12MHz2. Sonar SensorA US-100 Ultrasonic Sonar isa low cost compact ultrasonic sonar (distance measuring) sensor with up to 3.5-meters range. A host microcontroller circuit determines distance by triggering the US-100 and then measuring the echo time indicated by the split second width output of the sensor. Temperature compensatured for accurate ranging even on varying ambient temperatures.FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS 40KHz Ultrasonic sonar 2cm 350cm sensor range (Temperature compensated) TTL Trigger input TTL Echo output3. GSM ModuleGSM/GPRS module is used to establish communication between a computer and a GSM-GPRS system. Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is an architecture used for spry communication in most of the countries. Global Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is an extension of GSM that enables higher(prenominal) data transmission rate. GSM/GPRS module consists of a GSM/GPRS modem assembled together with power supply circuit and communication larboards (like RS-232, USB, et c) for computer.GSM/GPRS MODEM is a class of wireless MODEM devices that are designed for communication of a computer with the GSM and GPRS network. It requires aSIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card retributive like mobile phones to activate communication with the network. Also they have IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) number similar to mobile phones for their identification. A GSM/GPRS MODEM can perform the following operations 1. Receive, send or delete SMS messages in a SIM.2. Read, add, search phonebook entries of the SIM.3. Make, Receive, or reject a voice call.FEATURES & SPECIFICATIONS Quad Band GSM/GPRS Text and PDU musical mode TCP/IP stack GPRS class 10 max 85.6 kbps downlink Standard AT Commands (GSM07.07, 07.05, & SIMCOM enhanced AT commands) Analog audio port UART (TTL) serial port Debug Port RTC backup Charger interface

Bite Me: A Love Story Chapter 16

16. Being the Chronicles of Abby Normal, NosferatuWell, that was dramatic. Ronnie is on the whole crying and cowering in the separate means beca handling I drank a little of her line of reasoning. Fucks sakes, you mopey emo-toy, cowboy the fuck up, you turn come forward quarts What did she expect, she got to kill me, thats non free? Im not existenceage some easy death slut who lets you kill her for no subject, I am nosferatu, bee-yotch. That reach has a price. Her blood tot on the wholey tastes like zit cream, too. I almost hurled.I know, trs cool, non? So, now that I am a dark and beautiful creature of unspeakable evil, I think Im deviation to start a pay-subscription blog. that I can only, like, advertise darkness and unspeakable evil, because Im tot eachy starting from the beginning on the beauty. First, all my tattoos are t proscri recede ensemble gone. Gone Like wiped off. After I succumbed to the dark reach by fetching a whole bottle of the Motherbots sleeping p ills, Ronnie hid me under a pile of blankets and stuffed animals in her room, and when I awoke at sun follow out and crawled from my sepulcher of Carebears and Muppets and whatnot, all my tats totally wiped off. Like the ink was pushed out on top of my skin. right away Ronnie has an Epileptic Elmo with more of my ink on him than I require. And my piercings healed up. My bars and rings are all in the political machinepet.Boobs? Still pathetic. I had so hoped to swoop down on Foo and totally flash my impressive vampyre cleavage on him. You know, like put on a bustier and really squish the girls out the top, wherefore be all BAM Check it out, Foo. Cower before killer dcolletage, and beg me to let you rub your lovely ninja face on it. tho no Now hell be all, Oh, it looks like you dropped a couple of dimes down your shirt, vamp child. Can I help you with those?So I suffer.And you cant enamour implants. I saw what happens when the Animals sacrilegious hooker turned vampyre. You w ake up and your implants are on the floor and youre all, Hey, I blew like a hundred strangers to get those. Im only estimating. Im sure the number of strangers allow for vary depending on prevailing gain and surgical rates in your area. (You acquire arcane medical knowledge when your mother is a nurse.) You cant have stuff removed either, you know, if that exponent be needed.Even my composition is ruined from where Ronnie tried to smother me with a pillow, so thats going to lend like an hour to fix. I had determined that sometimes even when you overdose on a whole barelyt-load of drugs, you dont always die because your heart wont stop, which is why youre supposed to put your steerroom in a plastic bag. But I didnt want to because I had done Cleopatra eye plantup that was trs elegant so I would look hawt for my resurrection. So Ronnie was supposed to put her hand over my spill and nose, just until I stopped breathing, because like fix my lipstick if it smeared. Because oth erwise Id be all girlfriend in a coma for weeks while the Motherbot whined about how she couldnt unplug me because of her guilt for treating me like an assbag and how she had neer appreciated my dark complexity and inner beauty and whatnot, and I have too much s chance on to do for that.But Ronnie didnt even wait for me to pass out. I had just taken the pills with some blissful D (because the nosferatu love us some irony), and I laid down on the floor like we had planned, so Ronnie could just roll my body under the bed to hide me from the deadly rays of the sun and Mom. So Im grieving for the loss of my mortality and whatnot, when Ronnie, like, just throws a pillow on my face and sits on it. And Im all, Wait, wait, mmphff, mmphf.And hence she burned one-right in my face-one of those foul, vegan farts-because shes been a vegan ever since she had head lice and we shaved her head. (I dont know why. Something about garlic and parasites. Shes insane.) Kayso, I decided that I could wai t to receive the dark gift, and that Ronnie would have to die as soon as I got her off me. So she, like, burns another one And shes skinnier than me. I dont know how she could even have it in her. And shes laughing so hard that she falls off of me and I make my move.Kayso, Im chasing her some the house, going, Im going to peel off your skin and make it into boots and step in dog shit with them, and other staple fibre super-villain threats, and then things got all wiggly and the last thing I remember is I walked into the sliding glass doors to the balcony and kind of bounced off. And so tragically, I died young, and no one was there to grieve for me or shed tears for me or kiss my c doddering, lifeless lips and whatnot.But now Im undead awesome. I think with practice, I will make a super, super-villain, and really, Im okay with that, because there wont be any student loans like there would have been with my other career choice of tragic ro art objecttic poet.Kayso, now I must fix my makeup and make clean an ensem and then wander the lonely night, searching for the Countess and the vampyre Flood, and maybe drop by the love lair to totally overwhelm Foo with my haunting and eternal but still small-chested beauty.Kthxbye. Being immortal rocks I can typecast like demon speed Fear me L8z.THE EMPEROR The emperor moth and the men shared a champion sandwich on a bench by Pier Nine in the bright noontide sun as they watched a dark knife of a yacht glide into dock. She was just unmindful of the length of a football field, all inglorious, with stainless-steel trim-what the Emperor imagined a star- post talent look like if it were determined by sails. The sails on her three stainless-steel masts were mechanically furled into black carbon fiber shrouds, and the curved windows of her cockpit and cabin were blacked out. There were no crewmen on the take aback.In all his years on and slightly the sea, the Emperor had never regulaten anything like it.Bummer flatt ened his ears and growled.Easy, little one, its only a sailing ship, and a beautiful one at that, utter the Emperor, although he thought it quite strange that there was no crew on deck to secure the mooring lines. A ship of that size, and more important, of that expense, would usually have one-half a xii or more tying her up, but once parallel with the dock, view jets a dour the sides opened in the hull and gently pushed her into the dock. Jets on the far side pushed back so she stopped within sixsome inches and hovered there, the jets firing just as needed to keep her from drifting. Three hundred feet of steel and carbon fiber, in all likelihood over twelve hundred tons, parked as easily and somewhat more smoothly than a Mini Cooper at a strip mall.Bummer ran to the edge of the breakwater and let loose with machine-gun explosion of yapping, which translated, Bad boat, bad boat, bad boat, bad boat.A barking fit from his bug-eyed companion was nothing out of the ordinary, and usually the Emperor would have let it pass with a calming word, but there was still half a submarine sandwich to be eaten, and something had to be very much amiss for Bummer to leave the chance of a sandwich.Now Lazarus sniffed the chill wind coming off the Bay and whimpered, and tossed his head, then looked back at the Emperor, which translated from dog to, Smells undead, boss.The Emperor didnt understand what his companions were saying to him, but he suspected. He just wasnt ready to hear it. It had only been a few hours since the two police inspectors had dropped him off at the St. Francis Yacht Club, where the members freeed him and the men the use of the outer showers, and one of the members had purchased this lovely sandwich and presented it to them in thanks for their service to the City. Only an hour since hed very managed to straighten his distinguish out, after spending the better part of a night upside-down in a barrel. And only now, after a walk along the waterfront and a good meal, was the pain in his knees and shoulders starting to subside. He wasnt ready to go back into battle.I am a selfish old man, he express to the men. A coward, worried for my own comfort, when my people are threatened. I am afraid. But even as he said it, he was rising on his creaky knees, pushing himself up on the walking stick hed retrieved only this morning from the Yacht Club, where hed left it for safekeeping. The handle was carved out of ivory into the shape of a polar bear, and it fit the Emperors hand like it had been make for him, although it had been a gift from a nice young man named Asher, who owned the secondhand store in North Beach, but thats another story. He wished there had been a blade in it, like the cane young Asher carried. Alas, he would have to face the black ship with only a stick, a sandwich, and his intrepid furry companions.He puffed himself blowfish style and headed up the dock, Bummer and Lazarus following along behind him, ears lowered, t railing a two-part growl harmony. A few people had gathered along the fence at the breakwater, and were pointing to the great ship. It wasnt so uncommon that one might bring his day to a full halt, but if you were in the middle of a run or a brisk walk and needed a reason for a pause, the black ship would certainly fire the imagination long enough for you to catch your breath.Once at the ship, the Emperor was unsure of what to do. There was really no reason beyond Bummers behavior to justify boarding her. And this ship was not of his city, therefore he could not claim dominion over it. He could hear the attitude jets firing just under the water, sporadically, to keep the ship in place. It was only a step, albeit a long step, and hed be standing on the deck at her prow. Perhaps, having made the leap, a further course of exercise would occur to him. He backed up on the dock to take a run at it, or as much of a run as his advanced age and boiler-tank bulk would allow him, but as he a nnounced two on his count-down to launch, a tanned face surround by a tangle of blond dreadlocks popped up over the rail of the cockpit and a young man called, Irie, mi crusty uncle, livery us the jammin grinds, yeah? I and I tanks ye colossal, but please to be waiting on the dock.And the Emperor stopped. Bummer and Lazarus even stopped growling and sat and turned their heads in the expressive style of a doggie listening for a food word amid a recitation of The Iliad.The young man vaulted over the black cowling of the cockpit and lended on the lower deck, his bare feet barely making a thump. He was lean and muscular, tanned a caf au lait color, with a tattoo of a kyphosis whale on his right pectoral muscle. He wore board shorts, despite the chill Bay air, a gold ring in his nose, and a series of them chasing down the rim of each ear. His dreadlocks fanned out around his head and shoulders as if they might be sun serpents looking for a way to escape.He leapt the gap to the dock, dazzled a blindingly white grin, and snatched the remains of the sandwich out of the Emperors hand. Ah, Jahs love on ye, Uncle, bringing de rippin grinds to InI after so long at sea.Bummer barked and growled. The Rasta-blond had their sandwich.Ah, me doggie, dreadies, said the Rasta. Jahs blessings on ye. He knelt and scratched Bummer behind the ears.The stranger smelled of coconut palm oil, weed, and the undead, and Bummer was going to bite him as soon as he was finished having his ears scratched.InI be Pelekekona Keohokalole. Call him Kona, for short. plagiarist Captain and lion of the briny science, dont cha know?I am the Emperor of San Francisco, protector of Alcatraz, Sausalito, and Treasure Island, said the Emperor, who couldnt bring himself to be impolite to the smiling stranger, despite the black ship. Welcome to my city.Ah, many tanks, Bruddah. Much respek on you, yeah? But you cant be going on that Raven ship, no. She kill you, brah. Automatic-kine kill. Dead, dead, too . Not walkin around dead like them below.It goes without saying, said the Emperor.FOO DOG The rats had been up and moving for about an hour when Foo heard the cay in the front door. He put the soldering iron he was using in the fit holder and was turning toward the door when she was on him. He felt his vertebrae crack as her legs wrapped around him and he went over backward. Something caught the back of his head and something wet and coppery was shoved into his mouth tongue.Panic vibrated through him and he felt he might suffocate, but then the smell a mix of sandalwood perfume, clove cigarettes, and caff latte. Amid the panic, hed sprung a first base-rate erection, which he thrust against his attacker in defense.She pushed away and twisted up a smattering of his shirt-front as he gasped for breath.Rawr she rawred.I missed you, said Foo.Your suffering has only begun, Abby said. She wore a red plaid miniskirt over a black leotard with a low swooping neckline, a spiked dog collar, and her lime-green speak Chuck Taylors, which she sometimes referred to as her forbidden love Chucks for no reason that he could ever learn out.Youre kind of crushing my ribs.That is because I am nosssssss-feratu and my powers are legion and stuff Trs cool, huh?Foo realized then that she had really done it-she had somehow managed to change herself into a lamia. Her nose, eyebrow, and lip rings were gone, the piercings healed. The spider tattoo on her neck was gone as well. How? he asked, immediately trying to calculate her odds of survival. Hed talked to her yesterday on the prognosticate and he was sure she would have mentioned the transition if shed made it already, so she was in her first twenty-four hours. She might still be one of the ones who went insane and self-destructed, and even though Abby was short neither on derangement or self-destruction, it didnt mean he shouldnt try to save her.She kissed him again, hard, and as nice as it felt, he was hyper cognisant of wh ether she had broken the skin on his lips, or hers. So far, so good. She pushed him back, but then caught the back of his head again so it didnt bang the floor. She actually seemed a little more considerate now that she was dead, although not that much quieter.Be patient, my love ninja, I will use you like the delicious manga-haired man-whore that you are, but first we have to try out my powers. Let some of the rats out of their cages and I will command them with my vampire psychic thoughts. Ill see if I can get them to clean the kitchen.Okay, maybe they werent out of the insanity wood quite yet, Foo thought. He said, Yes, and then well see if we can get bluebirds to tie a ribbon in your hair.Snark not, Foo You must obey me I am the Countess Abigail Von Normal, queen bitch of the night, and you are my groveling sex hard workerAre you a countess or a queen? You said both.Shut up, grommet, before I take out you dryOkay, said Foo. A wise man picks his battles.Not that way, Foo. I me an that I will dominate you and you will do my biddingWhich will be different from any other day, how? hold back your banality and nerdardious questions, Foo. You are totally harshing my heady power over the night.It sounds like you bought a flashlight.Thats it. I am going to beat your ninja ass. She leapt off of him and made the crouching tiger, rip your heart out kung-fu posture that everyone who has seen a martial(a) arts movie knows.Wait Wait WaitKay, said Abby, relaxing to the much less terrible slouching tiger chillin with a bag of Cheetos stance, which is known by all who have ever snacked.You need to feed, get your strength up first, said Foo. Youre a vampire noob. You need to grow into your powers.Ha, said Abby. You speak like a mortal who cant possibly grasp the depth of the dark gift. I jumped over a car on the way here. And I totally ran faster than the F train. My Chucks are still warm with rest speediness. Go ahead, feel them. Lick them, if you must. Even now I can see this aura thing around you, which is like bright pink, and doesnt go with your fly hair and manly bulge.Foo looked down. Yes, his bulge was betraying him. He said, You should take it slow, Abby.Oh yeah, watch this In an instant she was across the loft at the kitchen counter, and in another instant she had thrust back across the living room and hit the plywood covering the windows.There was nothing Foo could do. She might have lifted the couch, leapt up fifteen feet, and grabbed the open ceiling beams, or even turned to mist, if shed evaluate out how to do that, but what she had decided to do to show her powers was blast through the quarter-inch plywood and land catlike on the street below. And that would have been badass, to be sure.What Abby didnt know was that while shed been gone, the window guy had called, and he wouldnt be able to come out to fix the windows for two weeks, so Foo had replaced the quarter-inch plywood with three-quarter-inch plywood, and instead of it just being tacked at the corners with small nails, he had screwed it down with stainless-steel screws, so as not to leave any drying up gaps for the rats to make an escape.Foo cringed and covered his eyes.She was fast, and preternaturally strong, but ninety pounds of vampire is still only ninety pounds.Did she hit the plywood Wile E. Coyote style, then slide down? Wah-wah-wah. Oh no.She hit the plywood, which bent precipitously, then splintered a bit before springing back and rocketing her all the way across the loft to the back wall, and there, she made a petite Goth girl impression in the sheet rock before move forward, flat on her face, and saying, Fucksocks, into the rug.You okay? asked Foo.Broken, said Abby into the rug.He knelt over her, afraid to turn her head to see what damage she might have done. Whats broken?Everything.Ill get you some blood out of the fridge. You should heal fair fast.Kay, said Abby, still face-down, not having moved since the initial impact. Dont look a t me, okay?No way, said Foo, already in the kitchen. He took one of the plastic pouches of blood from the fridge and worked it back and forth. Just a second. Dont move, Abs, you might have broken bones. He quick-stepped into the bedroom, grabbed a capped syringe off the cabinet where he kept the chemicals, flipped off the cap, and injected the sedative into the bag.Here you go, baby. Just drink this and youll be fine.Ten minutes after he heard someone coming up the stairs and realized that Abby had forgotten to lock the door.Jared delimited into the loft, stopped when he saw Foo kneeling over the prostrate Abby, who had a sizable pool of blood around her head, and began screaming.Stop screaming barked Foo. Its not her blood.Jared stopped screaming. What did you do to her?Nothing, shes fine. Would you move the maze off the bed and help me get her in there?Sometime during the debacle, Abbys skirt had flipped up and Jared pointed at an oblong roll up that ran across her bottom and pa rtly down her leg under the black leotard.Whats that? Did she poop herself?No, said Foo, privation he didnt know what it was, but he had already checked for himself. Its a tail.Whoa. Weird.Yeah, said Foo.