Saturday, August 31, 2019

Furman V Georgia Essay

The penalty of death differs from all other forms of criminal punishment, not in degree, but in kind. It is unique in its total irrevocability. It is unique in its rejection of rehabilitation of the convict as a basic purpose of criminal justice. And it is unique, finally, in its absolute renunciation of all that is embodied in our concept of humanity. For these and other reasons, at least two of my Brothers have concluded that the infliction of the death penalty is constitutionally impermissible in all circumstances under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. Their case is a strong one. But I find it unnecessary to reach the ultimate question they would decide. See Ashwander v. Tennessee Valley Authority, 297 U.S. 288, 347 (Brandeis, J., concurring). The opinions of other Justices today have set out in admirable and thorough detail the origins and judicial history of the Eighth Amendment’s guarantee against the infliction of cruel and unusual punishments, [n1] and the origin and judicial history of capital punishment. [n2] There [p307] is thus no need for me to review the historical materials here, and what I have to say can, therefore, be briefly stated. Legislatures — state and federal — have sometimes specified that the penalty of death shall be the mandatory punishment for every person convicted of engaging in certain designated criminal conduct. Congress, for example, has provided that anyone convicted of acting as a spy for the enemy in time of war shall be put to death. [n3] The Rhode Island Legislature has ordained the death penalty for a life term prisoner who commits murder. [n4] Massachusetts has passed a law imposing the death penalty upon anyone convicted of murder in the commission of a forcible rape. [n5] An Ohio law imposes the mandatory penalty of death upon the assassin of the President of the United States or the Governor of a State. [n6] If we were reviewing death sentences imposed under these or similar laws, we would be faced with the need to decide whether capital punishment is unconstitutional for all crimes and under all circumstances. We would need to decide whether a legislature — state or federal — could constitutionally determine that certain criminal conduct is so atrocious that society’s interest in deterrence and retribution wholly outweighs any considerations of reform or rehabilitation of the perpetrator, and that, despite the inconclusive empirical evidence, [n7] only [p308] the automatic penalty of death will provide maximum deterrence. On that score I would say only that I cannot agree that retribution is a constitutionally impermissible ingredient in the imposition of punishment. The instinct for retribution is part of the nature of man, and channeling that instinct in the administration of criminal justice serves an important purpose in promoting the stability of a society governed by law. When people begin to believe that organized society is unwilling or unable to impose upon criminal offenders the punishment they â€Å"deserve,† then there are sown the seeds of anarchy — of self-help, vigilante justice, and lynch law.

How Did the 19th Amendment Change the United States

Period : History Ashley Stanton Subject: How did the 19th amendment change the United States 4-23-2013 The 19 th amendment gave women the right to vote. It was proposed on June 4, 1919 and ratified on August 18, 1920. The impact of the 19 th amendment was enormous it gave women the same power that men had.It created a strong influence and created a huge cultural impact. It gave the women of the era more confidence and a sense that they could accomplish and do more. The life style changes in the 1920's showed how big and important the impact of the nineteenth amendment was. Women had become much more confident and wanted to use this â€Å"power† in other areas, too.They gave up a lot of the † controlling† aspects of the Victorian age, from the long and buttoned up clothes to new outlooks of personal freedom they started to live outside the confines of being a house wife and home maker women got job outside the home, they started playing sports, they shortened their dresses and bobbed their hair and had fun !! The Roaring Twenties was a new age, and an age where women first started enjoying more freedom and influence. This has continued on to this very day and in my opinion there is still work needed to do to level the space between men and women.Mr. Barack Obama president of the United States signed the Lilly LedBetter Fair Pay Act, which would guarantee the right of women to sue for equal pay for doing the same job as men. Even though women are still underpaid , they get paid 77 cents to every dollar made by men. Women hold a value of 17 percent of the seats in Congress. There are only 6 U. S governors as women. No major party has nominated a women as president. Today after 90 years have passed women still lag behind men.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Describe the Policies and Procedures of the Setting Essay

It is important that this policy is constantly being applied to ensure full safety of the pupils, this is why all staff MUST be familiar with this policy. Within this the school also has home school agreements for each year group which set out the Code of conduct/Golden Rules. Is a set of rules/guidelines for the pupils so they understand how they should behave and what is expected of them. It is important that the children are reminded of the code of conduct so that it becomes their routine and they fully understand it. It is essential that positive behaviour is always promoted, praised and used as children notice when adult’s behaviour is out of character, if positive and professional behaviour is continually used it is more likely that the pupils will also behave in that way. The golden rules are a focus around the school and are visibly displayed for all to see within the classrooms and the school hall. The children learn about these golden rules from the day they start at Springdale and it becomes a big part of Springdale life. Rewards and sanctions Although good behaviour is encouraged in schools, children will still behave inappropriate at times. Consequences for bad behaviour in my placement school can take many forms. †¢ Move from the sunshine to the black cloud. †¢ Miss time out from golden time, break or lunch play. †¢ Be sent to the head of year/deputy head †¢ Be sent to the head teacher and a meeting arranged with parents. Rewards for good behaviour can include the following. †¢ Full golden time awarded Raffle tickets gained/stickers †¢ Star of the day †¢ Extra time to choose activities †¢ Certificates in assembly Springdale Golden Award All staff can given certain rewards/sanctions however some may be given by a certain member of staff for example, if you do some good work in class then your teacher will put you forward for a Golden award which you get from the Headteacher in assembly. The child gets a certificate and a sticker infront of their peers. Dealing with conflict and inappropriate behaviour The schools policy for behaviour will give information on how you should manage more difficult behaviour as a teacher or TA. It is also important that pupils understand the behaviour policy of the school so that they have a clear idea of how bad behaviour will be dealt with if they choose to go against school rule or behave in an inappropriate manner. Anti-bullying My placement school has a separate anti-bullying policy but bullying is also built in to the behaviour policy for the whole school. It covers all forms of bullying including cyber bullying. Anti bullying is promoted for all pupils within the SEAL project, the golden rules and the home school agreements. Attendance My schools attendance policy sets out how the school manages issues around attendance. Attendance has to be monitored carefully to ensure there are no unauthorised absences or long spells of unexplained absences. Both children and parents have a responsibility to ensure they attend school and this policy will explain what will happen if the policy is not followed.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Morse, Imminent Dangers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Morse, Imminent Dangers - Essay Example s a covert extension of the Catholic faith, and they too must be stopped in their missionary work due to their potential strength in influencing all levels of men in the society (Morse 304, par. 4). Supporting idea: Because Catholics strongly believe in the Pope, they are seen by Morse as blind followers that would endanger the liberties of the country simply by being in the United States (Morse 303, par. 3). Supporting idea: Based on how he describes the Catholics and the religion as a whole by using highly negative adjectives such as â€Å"miserable, intolerant fanatics, and pious bigots† (Morse 303, par. 3), it can be inferred that Morse came from a religion that deeply criticizes Catholicism. Supporting idea: Morse mentioned that the Jesuits are a secret society that has numerous members from all walks of life (Morse 304, par. 4), thus he sees the introduction of more Catholics as something with an ulterior political motive guised under religious intentions. Supporting idea: In order to fully separate religion from the state, Morse believes that followers of the Pope must not be put into power, for they could be easily influenced by the priests and bishops with regards as to how they would govern the people, making the religious entities rule over people covertly through powerful people in the government (Morse 305, par. 9). Supporting idea: Morse believes that what former President Jefferson predicted with regards to the inconveniences that could result from uncontrolled influx of immigrants was already happening in the United States, posing a threat to the peaceful living of the nativists and forcing them to harmonize with the immigrant population (Morse 307, par. 12). Supporting idea: There are other factors as to why immigrants tended to form groups, but instead of finding out why this came to be, he simply passed this as immigrants contradicting their profession of being naturalized American citizens (Morse 307, par. 13). Supporting idea: For Morse,

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Student Voice - Pandora's Box or Philosopher's Stone Essay

Student Voice - Pandora's Box or Philosopher's Stone - Essay Example From this research it is clear that the modern concept of allowing student involvement within the arena of teaching learning is relatively new to UK, though the concept is not new in other parts of the world. Despite the various recent modifications made within UK educational system, it is seen that students are rarely asked to take part, thus remaining largely unheard, during reform processes. To make education more representative, views of the students must be listened to and given its due importance. However, incorporating student’s voice does not merely involve modifying the results of the existing educational systems or locating resolutions to various existing problems. Instead, it deals with modifying processes, methods through which the students can affect the course of education. Here the authors believed that that UK educational system should be so reformed that it would function as per the student’s requirements, instead of the students adjusting themselves to the system. Such radical modifications entail changes at almost all levels, including changes within the basic UK educational culture, and the relationships between students, educationists, and the schools, where there must a disposition on the part of the educationists and policy makers to listen to the students. Students must necessarily be encouraged so that they are become more directly involved in decision-making processes related to their education. The notions of student voice includes various activities that promote discussion, speech, reflection and activities on issues that are related to learners along with its effects on teachers, school staff and the surrounding society. Often this method comprises of methods like peer support, buddying, and other measures that promote and allow the learners to air their opinions and bring about various suitable changes modifications. Such measures include the formation of the creation of school student councils, school boards having s tudents as members, students as members of staff appointment board, researcher-student and the enterprises for ‘child-to-child’ activities that promote leadership amongst the learners, while supporting ‘active citizenship’ through the cooperation of these learners in various community based activities and projects (Futurelab, 2006). In its attempt to bring in students’ voice, the UK Government has mentioned categorically its desire to create a more customised form of an educational system, where the mode of teaching would cater to the needs of the students, and not the other way round. This would be especially helpful for

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

Report - Essay Example 1). Being Islam and Arabic from Kuwait, the festival is an intriguing event and a unique experience to be at the center of a cultural life unfamiliar to what I have been traditionally used to. In this regard, the experience gained from attending the event is hereby summarized in terms of the activities participated in and is instrumental in presenting an analytic evaluation of that experience through the lens of an Asian American Studies student by applying what one has learned in this course. Prior to the event, I was already profoundly interested and have actually heard so much about the Cherry Blossom Festival from friends and acquaintances as one of the much awaited intercultural events in the US. Wanting to find out more about this occasion, I searched on the internet and was made aware that â€Å"the cherry blossoms (Sakura) is a well-known and ubiquitous symbol of Japan and are frequently depicted on traditional Japanese goods and art. The cherry blossom is particularly important in Japanese culture as it represents the end of the winter and the being of new life and growing season of spring† (Japanese Lifestyle, par. 1). Remarkably, despite the tragic event of the earthquake that instigated a tsunami in Japan on March 11, the remaining cherry blossom trees continue to bloom and became symbols of both fragility and courage. As Sakurai indicated, â€Å"the warrior class liked the flowers because they didnt cling to life, but rather showed up for the briefest spell, and fell at the peak of their splendor. In this way, they embodied the spirit of "bushido" — the way of the warrior that combines stoicism, bravery, and self-sacrifice† (par. 7). By this, I was convinced that the event would be a worthwhile and memorable experience. The NCBF in Washington, D.C. has events lined up since February to April of 2011, showcasing arts exhibition of different seasons in Japan, an exhibition of flower

Monday, August 26, 2019

Resistance to Change phenomenon as a positive force for organisations Essay - 1

Resistance to Change phenomenon as a positive force for organisations - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that change is pervasive in every organization with the current economy, and it happens continuously at a rapid speed. On the other hand, resistance remains an inevitable response to any major change, and people naturally rush to defend their status quo especially during compromising status or security threats. According to Tanachart and Islam, organizational change can create cynicism and resistance in employees, which may sometimes make it difficult to implement organizational change. Nieuwenhuizen et al. define resistance as an action proposed to defend a person from the effects of change. The competition is quite high making change inevitable hence the need for every organization to manage change. Researchers argue that the employees will resist change despite its benefits to them and the organization. However, change resistance is the last thing that management would like during any changing process although theorists argue that it is helpful. Change is here to stay and any company, according to Hill and Jones without change risks a competition that could drive them out of business and possible closure. In any organizational structure, change comes from above, and therefore managers should possess a change management skill. Unfortunately, most employees do not respond positively to change, and that calls for managers to understand why they resist the change. Robert Kennedy once quoted that 20% of the people resist change. No matter the effectiveness of a leader, the change efforts will always face challenge or sabotage. For this reason, organizational change does not come easy, and two-thirds of organizational changes fail. Therefore, it is important for an organization to expect resistance and plan for it before commencing the change. This expectation will help the organization to prepare for the worst and apply change management skills in handling the resistance. Campbell emphasizes the need for managers to pos sess change management skills for the sake of handling resistance. Hill and Jones argue that the greatest significance of a change in any organization is that it presents conceptual scaffolding for people, the process, and the organization implementing change.

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Critique Advertisments Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Critique Advertisments - Thesis Example They composed three hypothetical advertisements: Americas a lot like Ice Cream; Fantasy America; and America America. According to the advertisers, none of these ads have a feeling of America or a trusted brand however they needed to revamp Americas image and the only way to do this was to create ads that would create a trusted image even if they were not accurate or if people would oppose the message. The government does have some likeable qualities but most people find that the government provides very little to comfort its people and brings many disappointments to the American people. The advertisers know the ads are ridiculous in nature but in order to revamp Americas image, they have to make some white lies or at least stretch the truth. The ads were enjoyable on their own merit but when thinking of how they represent America, there are many inaccurate and false messages in their description of what America is. The ad that I will do my critique on is the America is a lot like Am erica ad. It illustrates members of the general American population along with Robert Downey Jr to convey that good old American feeling. This ad is so phony and brings negative feelings and I will describe how it says very little about America and how it conveys more of Americas faults as opposed to its strengths. This is an argumentative essay focusing on whether we are sold on the idea that the American dream and the American brand are trusted and thriving according to Americans. Whether this advertisements depiction of the American dream is credible and warrants logical reasoning will be analyzed. The introduction of other articles will also help to determine the accuracy and details of the American dream today. A final strong rebuttal to this ad will be placed in this essay as a final measurement on its ability to sell the American dream. Although some believe that the

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Mechanical engineering Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mechanical engineering - Research Paper Example Here are a few observations. The easiest sources where from bls.gov and usnews.com. They have simple and well documented report on what is required for one to orient to mechanical engineering. They gave accurate information about what’s required once a person takes up the course, what to expect in terms of the difficulties of the job as well as the salary. Salary ranges where given from almost all the sources. From (Bls.gov, 2014), mechanical engineers’ median annual salary was $ 80,580.this was back in May 2012. It was during this year that, the engineers in the low 10% region earned less than $52,030 annually and those in the top 10% earned nothing less than $121,530. The site gives the salary ranges of the top five industries. The highest employers were Computer and electronic product manufacturers who paid them $84,860 annually, followed by Architectural engineering, Transport and equipment manufacturers, Machinery manufactures and the lowest employers were in the Fabrication industry that paid them $69,890 annually. Other sources had almost similar figures but I prefer this one (Bls.gov, 2014) A bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering or mechanical technology is required. This is a fixed requirement on most universities. However some colleges offer 5year programs that cover both Bachelors degree as well as Masters. (Money.usnews.com, 2014). The full program takes 4-5 years to complete inclusive of the internships. Apart from the educational requirements, one is required to have other qualities. One has to have the creativity in them. One should have great listening skills. Math’s also a key quality as most of the time, you will come across several work stations.one should have mechanical skills in them. Lastly is they should be good problem solvers as they will encounter challenges that will require them to work on it in no time at all. (Bls.gov, 2014) . There is other kind of information that is given in some

Friday, August 23, 2019

Setting the Stage for Strategic Compensation and Bases for Pay Essay

Setting the Stage for Strategic Compensation and Bases for Pay - Essay Example However, it is important that compensation structures are aligned with the strategic objectives of the business. Three of the main goals of compensation departments in organizations are to attract talented personnel from the industry and help provide a certain amount of flexibility to the needs of the department; improve morale of employees and motivate them to ensure the existence of an innovative and knowledgeable workforce; as well as maintain salary standards which are competitive in the industry. Contextual influence posing greatest and least challenge for companies’ competitiveness Some of the external, as well as internal, conditions of a firm can determine the nature of pay structure which it would design or which would be appropriate for it. Most importantly, the supply and demand of labour in the market would be a serious consideration while designing its pay structure. Shortage of a particular skill in the market might imply that the organization might have to pay a higher price for those skills, and vice versa. In fact the demand and supply of labour in the market is the determinant of the existing wage rates at that region too (Prakashan, 2009, p.14). The other very important factor which would pose serious challenge before an organization is the prevailing market rates. This can be also termed as the comparable wages or the ongoing wage rates. The compensation policy fixed by an organization must necessarily confirm to the wage rates paid by other competitors in the industry. Otherwise, it might result in employees leaving the organization getting attracted towards those with higher salary packages. The cost of living also accounts for an important criterion based on which organizations develop their compensation structures and plans. It is crucial to make adjustments in pay depending on the increases or decreases in the cost of living index. When organizations fail to reset their salary structures according to the changes in the living ind ex, it can face resistance from employees and unions demanding higher wages. This could be challenging for the organizations (Prakashan, 2009, p.14). Apart from the above serious threats there are certain issues which are also crucial for determining compensation structures but which pose challenges before organizations to a lesser extent. The ability of an organization to pay or its affordability is crucial to determine its pay structure. Degree of profits, costs of production, sales revenues are some aspects which must be evaluated before designing pay structures. Psychological and sociological factors greatly determine the extent to which an employee would be willing to put in effort in his job. A person’s psychological perception helps him equate his wage or salary levels as a measure of the extent of success he has earned. Lastly, rapid technological developments have been the main cause of rapid development of skills of employees. The level of wages of these employees h as also been changing correspondingly. Thus, it is important that organizations keep track of changes in skill levels and wage level of

Thursday, August 22, 2019

INDIVIDUAL SOLUTION OF AN ALLOCATED SCENARIO-BIG BROTHER BART Essay

INDIVIDUAL SOLUTION OF AN ALLOCATED SCENARIO-BIG BROTHER BART - Essay Example The case brings out the work of Bart and also brings into light the software used by him to keep a tab on the employee systems to ensure that the software is working fine. Bart uses this software to keep track of people who have issues with new software and he uses this log in to simply keep an eye on the working conditions of the software. Bart’s manager requests him to use this software to keep track of two specific employees who are under the suspicion of trading in drugs using the office computers. Bart is faced with an ethical dilemma here and is unsure of whether it is a good idea to keep a tab on an employee’s computer for this reason. In this case the question is to analyse whether it is ethical for Bart to keep a tab on the employee systems or not and to analyse the theories that relate to these. The two chosen theories here are Utilitarianism and Deontology. The following section provides a brief overview of these theories and helps set the base for analysis o f the case. Utilitarianism and Kantian Deontology share one thing in common, i.e. they are both aimed to provide solutions to moral dilemmas. Utilitarianism is more of morality of justice and it focuses more on maximising the utility or ensuring that most numbers of persons are satisfied and happy with the result that is taken up (Tavani, 2004: 234 - 244). This is relatively much better than the Kantian Deontology or any other deontology approach as this takes into consideration the importance of satisfying people and tries to build a foundation with complete justice (Rachels, 1998: 226 - 240). Here in the case of Utilitarianism, the main aim is to ensure that all parties involved are benefiting from the decision made and there is a high level of success for a number of people in the case. This method (utilitarianism) takes everybody to be equal and it looks for a solution which is for the benefit of more number of people (Held, 2006:

Sample Questions and Answers Essay Example for Free

Sample Questions and Answers Essay This is tricky not to waffle or give unrelated information. You need to aim to address your capability, commitment and cultural fit, here is a sample answer: ‘Good morning, my name is James Smith.* I am a qualified accountant with six years post qualified experience gained within the pharmaceutical industry. I worked with Glaxo Smith Klein* as an assistant accountant and I have spent the past 4 years working with Pfizer* where my most recent role was as project accountant. I managed the project finance team of 8 staff and I’m proud to say that I recently implemented a new financial management system saving the company over  £500,000 in year one. I have a reputation for my attention to detail and delivering within strict deadlines and enjoy working with financial data. Going forward I want to work in a challenging finance role within the same industry and your organization is one in which I believe I could settle down and make a real contribution.’ How long have you been looking for a job †¦. The interviewer may be concerned that there is something wrong with you that other employers have picked up on! Here is a sample answer: ‘After I was made redundant from my last job, I took the opportunity to take some time out to examine my career goals and where I was going with my life. I have just begun my search in the last few weeks. I have a definite goal in mind and have been selective about the positions I consider. Your company and this position are of great interest to me.’ How did you prepare for this job interview †¦. The interviewer is gauging if you are interested enough to do some research or are you going to wing it. Here is a sample answer: ‘When I was told about this position by Hamlin Knight I was immediately interested. I checked out the company website and mission statement, looked at the bios of company founders and executives and was impressed. Once I had the interview appointment I looked at some industry press and I’m sure I’ll find out a lot more in today’s meeting.’ What is your salary expectation for this job †¦. The interviewer is trying to find out if they can afford you, or if they can get you for less than budgeted. Here is a sample answer: ‘I’ll need more information about the job and the responsibilities involved before we can begin to discuss salary. Can you give me an idea of the range budgeted for this position?’ How do you keep current and informed about your job and the industries that you have worked in †¦.. The interviewer is trying to ascertain if once you get the job you will continue to learn and grow, stay challenged and motivated. Here is a sample answer: ‘I pride myself on my ability to stay on top of what is happening in my industry. I do a lot of reading – the business section of the newspapers and industry magazines. I belong to a couple of professional organizations and network with colleagues from these. I take seminars or training whenever they are of interest or offer new information or technology.’ Tell me about a time when you had to plan and coordinate a project from start to finish †¦. This is a behavioural questions, your interviewer is trying to seek an example of specific past behaviour. Here is a sample answer: ‘I headed up a project which involved customer service personnel and technicians. I organized a meeting to get everyone together to brainstorm and get their input. From this meeting I drew up a plan, taking the best of the ideas. I organized teams, balancing the mixture of technical and non-technical people. We had a deadline to meet, so I did periodic checks with the teams, After 3 weeks we were exceeding expectations and were able to begin implementation of the plan. It was a great team effort and a big success. I was commended by management for my leadership, but I was most proud of the team spirit and cooperation which it took to pull it off.’ What kinds of people do you have difficulties working with †¦. Your interviewer is trying to see if you are flexible and can work in a diverse environment. Here is a sample answer: ‘In my last 3 roles I have worked with men and women from very diverse backgrounds and cultures. The only time I had difficulty was with people who were dishonest about work issues. I worked with one woman who was taking credit for work that her team accomplished. I had an opportunity to talk with her one day and explained how she was affecting morale. She became very upset that others saw her that way and said she was unaware of her behaviour or the reactions of others. Her behaviour changed after our talk. What I learnt from that experience is that sometimes what we perceive about others is not always the case if we check it out.’ We expect managers to work more than 8 hours a day, do you have a problem with that †¦. The interviewer is trying to see if you are a ‘workaholic’ or a person that requires balance. Here is a sample answer: ‘I have no problem working long hours. I have worked 12 or 14 hour days. What I have found works for me is to work smarter, not necessarily longer. My goal is to get the job done, whatever it takes, in the most efficient manner.’ When have you been most satisfied in your career †¦. The interviewer is trying to ascertain what motivates/de-motivates you. Here is a sample answer: ‘The job before the one I am currently at was my most rewarding experience for me. I worked in a wonderful team environment. There was a lot of camaraderie. I worked with a team of four people and we did some really original thinking. It is that kind of environment that I want to be involved in again.’ Why do you want this job †¦. The interviewer is trying to see if you are using a shotgun approach to your job search or do you really know what you want. Here is a sample answer: ‘I’ve been very careful about the companies where I have applied. When Hamlin Knight told me about this position, I knew I had found what I was looking for. What I can bring to this job is my 7 years of experience and knowledge of the industry, plus my ability to communicate and build customer relationships. That, along with my flexibility and organizational skills makes me a perfect match for this position. I see some challenges ahead of me here and that’s what I thrive on. I have what you need, you have what I want.’ We are ready to make an offer, are you ready to accept today †¦. Your interviewer doesn’t want you to go away and change your mind. Here is a sample answer: ‘Based on my research and the information I have gathered during the interview process, I feel I am in a position to consider an offer. I do, however, have a personal policy that I give myself at least 24 hours to make major life decisions. I could let you know by tomorrow.’ There is no way to accurately predict the questions that you will be asked by an interviewer, but you can be ready and prepared by thinking about the factors that might concern an employer before the interview

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Londons urban transport from the Victorian era

Londons urban transport from the Victorian era Over the past 200 years the geography of London has changed dramatically. No better has this change been reflected than in Londons urban transport systems. The Victorian era saw mass migration to the capital as industrial progress both at home and abroad, and by 1800 London was the grandest city in the West and probably the world, with almost a million inhabitants. By 1881 the population has soared to 4.5 million and by 1911 to over 7 million [Porter 1994, pp 220]. To deal with these patterns of population growth London has seen large changes within its urban transport systems, on both land and water, and some have even attributed the growth of London itself to increased migration promoted by changes to public transport [Roberts, 1996 pp 322]. London is a scattered city, its past not attributed to coherent Government led development (as with other global cities such as New York or Paris). Instead, the most significant technical development which affected the size and functioning of London was the development of mass public transport, which was dictated not only by technological advances, but also the ways in which firms invested in the new forms of conveyance and competed with each other and alternative forms of travel [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 227]. When looking at urban transport, it is important to consider that, during the 19th Century the most common form of travel remained on foot. A traffic survey of the city in 1854 showed that almost 70 per cent of people travelling in and out of the City daily were doing so on foot. Even as late as 1897, when extensive public transport systems had been developed, less than a quarter of South London trade unionists were regular users of these systems as prices remained fairly high for other forms of commuter transport [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 228]. In a scattered and geographically condensed city (in 1825 the built up area of London still only stretched for four miles north to south and six miles east to west) it remained the best way to get quickly and efficiently from a to b. As today, traffic congestion was a problem for London during the Victorian era, and walking was often the most rapid form of travel. Pedestrian travel was also aided by new technologies that improved road safety for those travelling on foot. Road conditions began to show improvements (with drainage improved), street lighting was introduced through the 1830s, and the extension of the police force made travelling alone safer. The development of Londons road systems throughout the century also reduced journey times [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 229]. Changes in Water Transport: At the start of the Victorian era, the River Thames provided a faster and often more desirable way to travel across the city with Watermen offering to taxi people in small rowing boats known as wherries. The development of paddle steamers would displace these wherries, and by 1850 they were carrying several million passengers a year. These steamboats began offering services down the River Thames in 1815, unburdened by mileage duty and able to carry hundreds of passengers at a time in 1830 a regular service operated between London and Gravesend, Woolwich and Richmond [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 234]. Despite this, they remained unable to operate in bad light or weather, difficult and dangerous to board and leave and were involved in regular collisions. Water transport thrived during this time, dependent on the influence of the powerful river-using industries, which had restricted river bridges. During the early part of the 19th Century, however, their influence began to decrease, and new bridge crossings were. Vauxhall (1816), Waterloo (1817), Southwark (1819) and London (1824-31) all reduced the need for river transport on a commuter level, and also stimulated further road constru ctions south of the river through the latter half of the century [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 229]. By 1890, the development of the road and railway networks had all but decimated the steamboat trade. The Horse and Carriage The Horse and Carriage as a means of transport was indelible throughout the Victorian era, and despite growing congestion throughout the 19th Century (along with the escalating costs of keeping and feeding horses in London) there were still 23,000 private carriages travelling through the city in 1891 [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 229]. Road network developments and improvements were implemented throughout the Victorian era, all of which had to take into account the very particular needs of horse and carriage transport. The avoidance of steep gradients and limitations in the manoeuvrability of the carriages may have contributed to the levels of congestion seen throughout London throughout the Victorian era, and perhaps even up to today (with the maintenance of many of the road networks from the past century). This reliance on forms of horse drawn transport, not only encouraged walking in the lower classes (who couldnt afford the maintenance of a horse and carriage), but was also perhaps responsible for maintaining the compactness of London and restraining the outward movement of industry. Though gradually replaced by other means of public transport up to the First World War, the horse and carriage has remained the dominant means of road transport for a very long time. The upper classes had their own carriages, hackney carriages The rich had their own carriages, hackneys were available, and hansom cabs were introduced in 1834. Some got to work by short-stage coaches (four or six passengers inside and a handful outside). Horse and Carriage also remained the main form of transport in the movement of good around London (on the eve of the First World War most of Londons good vechicles were still horse drawn) [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 229]. The Omnibus and Commuter Transport One thing that has defined patterns of social change within a transport context in London over the past two centuries has been the establishment and growth of the commuter and associated public transport. The very term commuter came into being during the 1850s as more and more people were able to travel to work from greater distances, and the average Londoners journeys on public transport increased from 20 in the late 1860s to almost 140 in 1902 [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 230]. In the early 18th Century, short-distance stagecoaches, known as short-stagers appeared throughout Londons streets. These coaches carried four to six passengers inside and up to seven outside on the roof, and were used to provide regular services from the centre of London to the outskirts. This means of transport was introduced to serve the better-off when they moved out to the then desirable suburbs. By 1825, stagers had become commonplace, with probably around 600 such vehicles making around 1,800 journey s a day [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 233]. These most popular of these coaches was the Hackney Carriage, which had a monopoly on the central areas of London up to 1832. Another idea developing at the time was the idea of the omnibus, which many believe single handed began the commuter revolution. The service was first established in July 1829 by George Shillibeer, running from the Stingo public house, Paddington, to the Bank, along to the New Road. Shillibeers omnibuses were long three-horse vehicles with benches for twenty passengers [Porter 1994, pp 237]. The idea was to increase the numbers of passengers that were able to travel by stage-coach, thus lowering the fares for the daily commuter. Because of the Hackney carriage monopoly of the central areas of London, however, the venture failed by 1831. This stimulated the Stage Carriages Act of 1832 which allowed the omnibuses and all other types of vehicle into the central areas, freely plying the streets for trade. The Stage Carriages Act also stimulated the advent of the omnibus back into the world of commuter travel as they could now access the central areas. The cheaper fares (they were nearly half the price of the Hackney Carriages) and their increased speed made them more convenient for the middle class commuter. There were also considerable negative impacts associated with the development of Londons public transport during this period. A paradox quickly arose as thousands of extra vehicles took to the streets improving public transport, whilst simultaneously exacerbating congestion issues in the city. It should also be noted that despite this rise in use of these services, the fares of public transport remained fairly high and prohibitive for most working-class people until the introduction of subsidised services towards the end of the century [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 228]. As a result of this, combined with the service hours (they generally ran from eight in the morning when the majority of the working class workers were in work), the service remained, like the stagers before them, a largely middle class service. They proved effective, however, in permitting suburban living among tradesmen and clerks, and gave the inner suburbs a crucial boost during the 1830s and 1840s [Porter 1994, pp 240]. The success of the omnibus continued and was encouraged by low taxation (taxes on public transport were cut by up to a half in 1839) and competition and 1851, the year of the great exhibition, omnibuses carried around 20,000 passengers daily [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 236]. The closure of this however brought rapid growth to an end and fares plummeted as many firms went bankrupt. One success story however was the London General Omnibus Company, which, by 1900 owned nearly half of the 3,000 horse-drawn buses and trams, carrying some 500 million passengers a year [Porter 1994, pp 240] stimulated by rising incomes and a suburban migration during the late 1800s. The loss of monopoly during the 1832 Act had also led to a doubling of the number of hackneys and investment in new equipment and innovations, with the hansom cab eventually becoming the norm [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 234]. Eventually competition from other means of transport put an end to the days of horse drawn public tr ansport with the last known service in 1914. Railways The great material transformations of the 1800s, combined with the physical and social geographies of the city led to a major transformation in the railways of London. From the 1830s the cuttings ploughed into the northern suburban areas on their routes into Euston, then Kings Cross and St Pancreas [Porter 1994, pp 230]. These developments reinforced east/west social divides, devastating some areas while bettering others, however Londons traffic problems were becoming ominous, as a result of the vast increase of traffic and the absence of any policy. For these reasons, the coming of rail transport, overground and underground was critical in keeping the metropolis moving and in permitting the city to expand. But if the railways brought benefits these were purchased at a high cost. The downwards shift of some of these neighbourhoods is mainly attributable to later railway building that destroyed many inner-urban neighbourhood environments and made it possible for their more prosperous residents to move further out [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 233]. Underground Road Improvements In 1800 Londons road infrastructure was generally main thoroughfares running from east to west above the River Thames. These were often narrow, poorly maintained and blocked by street markets and other local activity, and little inner city road improvement was undertaken before the Commercial Road development in 1810 which sped transport to the dockland areas [Porter, 1994, pp 235], which seemed to stimulate a spurt of road networks. Major developments in the central area included Regent Street (1817-23) and Moorgate, cutting north-south thoroughfares through the traditional east- west pattern, and the major trunk routes constructed to the north of the built-up area including New North Road (1812), Archway Road (1813), Caledonian Road (1826) and Finchley Road (1826-35) [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 231]. There were also a number of new river crossings introduced during this period including Vauxhall (1816), Waterloo (1817), Southwark (1819) and London (1824-31). This period also saw road conditions beginning to be improved via increased expenditure on widening, paving and drainage, and on new routes [Ball and Sunderland, 2001, pp 240]. Cycling Cars and Buses As previously discussed, the horse and carriage remained the dominant form of road transport throughout the Victorian era. Despite the many drawbacks of motorised transport, it has been rightly quipped that the invention of the motor car saved large cities in the nick of time from being engulfed in mountains of horse dung [Ball and Sunderland, 2001 pp 229]. Hackney motor cabs were first introduced in 1903 and proved immensely popular, particularly after the 1907 introduction of the taximeter. Ball pp 233. The growth of the bus use amongst the middle classes preceded the major change in motive power, from the horse to the petrol engine and the emergence of underground and electrified tram services and it was the petrol-driven motor buses that were to revolutionise public transport from their first introduction in 1899. The first bus service was operated by Motor Traction Co, who, for a short while ran two double-deckers between Kensington and Victoria. Cumberson, uncomfortable and generally unreliable they were initially unsuccessful. However, their advantages quickly became apparent they had greater carrying capacity than their horse-driven counterparts and travelled at somewhat higher speeds (though these were restricted by legislation), enabling routes to be longer. Running costs were lower and less variable and their success encouraged further investment in 1905 with the establishment of the London Motor Omnibus Company and Vanguard [Ball and Sunderland 2001, pp 239]. In the 1900s competition grew (from 1906 to 1907 the number of buses nearly quadrupled from 242 to 808) and many services saw a period of consolidation as congestion grew. New regulations lead to the development of the B-type bus in 1910 and by 1914 the public had taken the new motorised bus to heart with 757 million passengers. Today cities are designed on the premise of the car, on an autologic which underlines policy and planning in large parts of the world [Brudett, 2008]. Overview of Victorian Era: After centuries that had brought little alteration in ways of getting about, the Victorians created a transport revolution that changed not just the face of the town but the status map of the metropolis [Porter 1994, pp 235].

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Importance of English in Tourism Industry

Importance of English in Tourism Industry Introduction What is English, English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca. It is an official language of almost 60 sovereign states and the most commonly spoken language in sovereign states including the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and a number of Caribbean nations. It is the third-most-common native language in the world, after Mandarin and Spanish. It is widely learned as a second language and is an official language of the European Union and of the United Nations, as well as of many world organisations or group. After this is, Owing to the assimilation of the words from many other languages always from the history, modern English is consists of a very large of the vocabulary, with complex and irregular spelling, specifically of vowels. For the modern English has not only assimilation words from other European languages, but from all over the world. The Oxford English Diction ary lists more than 250,000 of not the same words, not include the many technically, scientific, and slang period. Why the teenagers in the tourism industry are unable to communicate of well in English, what is the communication. The communication is the giving or receive the information, message or the data from other person. The communication is the something we are doing in the life of the everyday. In this way, why the communication from us is very important for other people. The communication also can separate the two types of communication for the example is the verbal communication and the non-verbal communication. The good communication is very important in the tourism industry this is because it is prevent of the misconception and the error or the mistake. Main Body Next, if you is a good or well of communicator. You must speaks expressly to customer, guest and the tourism. After this is, you must listen carefully to listen what are the customer, guest and the tourism says to you. Next, check and confirm the information, message, and the data is correct or not. What is the reason about why the teenagers in tourism industry are unable to communicate are well in English. This is because, the teenagers working in tourism industry have some teenagers is come from other country or the overseas for the example is Vietnam, Brunei, Philippine, Thailand, and also have other country, because the most teenagers come from country in above cannot or don’t know how to speak and communication with the customer, and the guest. This is because every guest come from different country is using the English to communicate or ask the different kind of the question with the other person. Why English is important for us using to communicate or ask the different question from other person. Why English is important for us using every day, the reason is the English may not be the most of spoken language in the world, but it is the official language in a large number of countries and English is forecast that the number of the people in the world that use in English to communicate on a regular basis is 2 billion ! Next, if our can speak or understand the English can easily to understand the question from other person and easily to make or ask question from other and also can improve the relationship with other person. Next is the many of the world’s top films, books and music are published and produced in English. Therefore by the learning English you will have access to a great wealth of the entertainment and will be able to have a greater of theculture understanding, and the most of the content produced on the internet ( 50% ) is in English. So knowing English will allow you access to an incredible amount of information which may not be if not available ! Why the English is very importance for the Hotel Management, this is because in hotel everyday can see the different kind of the traveler or the tourist want to stated in the hotel. Sometimes a lot of the traveler or tourist is come from United Stated, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Canada, Australia, and the Ireland. In hotel, every day can see the a lot of the people is online booking the room or the reservation. All of the online booking or the online reservation is using the English, the staff of the hotel will check or confirm have the person online booking or online reservation or not. Sometimes have some guest is use the phone to booking or reservation of the room, the guest almost is using the English to booking or reservation the room. You must know the information, message or demand from the guest want to booking or reservation the room in your hotel. Can easily to get the information, message and demand of the different kind of guest this is because our know the importance o f English in hotel management and understand the English. If our cannot understand the English our cannot get the information and massage from the guest, also our cannot give the information and message about our hotel for the customer, because cannot understand or don’t know how to speak the English to guest. English is importance for a hotel management, this is because you can easily to get the information or the message from the tourist or the traveler. Our also can easily to using the English to communicate with the communicate and can satisfy the demand, need and wants from the different kind of the customer. This is because you understand what is the people said to you so you can clearly to confirm the demand, need and the wants. In the hotel most time is using the English to communication because the English is a international or the official language in the world, sometime some guest want to using the facilities in the hotel such as the spa, the gym, swimming pool, or other facilities in a hotel. Next, the English is important for us in hotel management this is because our can easily or faster to receive or to get the information from the different kind of the guest, so can easily to give the different service to the guest on the time or fast, the customer can feel the more polite from your. Also can increase the image or the name for your hotel. Next, also can increase the profit of the hotel. Next, the English is important in hotel management is you cannot confuse the information, this is because you understand and know the demand, wants, and needs of the different kind of customer. And you can easily to request and serve to customer. CONCLUSION Conclusion, English is important for us is easily to communication with different kind of guest. This is because the English is a important language in the world and English also is a international and official language for us. If the teen staff in tourism industry or in hotel can communicate well in English, the guest will feel the staff in hotel have good polite and give the good service to different kind of guest. So, English is very important for teen staff in tourism industry or in hotel. INTRODUCTION 2 What is a English, the English is a is a language from the West Germanic language that was first spoken in early madievel England and is now a global lingua franca. It is an official language of almost 60 sovereign states and the most commonly spoken language in the sovereign states include the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand and a number of Caribbean nations. Why English is very important for us to communicate with different kind of the people, service for the other person, get the message, information or the data from the other person. First, the English may not be the most spoken language in the world, but it is the official language in a large number of countries. It is estimated that the number of people in the world that use in English to communicate on a regular basis is 2 billion ! Next, English is the dominant business language and it has to become almost a necessity for people to speak English if they are to enter a global workforc e, research from all over the world shows that cross-border business communication is most often conducted in English. Its importance in the global market place therefore cannot be understated, learning English really can change your life. Third is many of the world’s top films, books and music are published and produced in English. Therefore by learning English you will have access to a great wealth of entertainment and will be able to have a greater culturalunderstanding. Why have some people working cannot speak and cannot understand the English from the different guest ask them. This is because, some people working in the hotel is not Malaysians all is come from other country for the example is Vietnam, Brunei, Philippine, Indonesia, and also have some country. MAIN BODY I already access the teenagers working in tourism industry and the hotel. The name of the hotel I already access is called the Vistana Hotel. The reason why the teenagers in tourism industry are unable to communicate well in English. Because some teenagers are working in tourism industry is not Malaysians, all is come from the overseas country, so them cannot unable to communicate well in English for the different kind of the guest. Have a lot of the reasons of the teenagers are working in tourism industry are unable to communicate well in English. First reason is the teenagers is dislike, this is because the English have a lot of the vocabulary and the all vocabulary is have the many different meaning, the English easily to confuse and more difficult than other language. The teenagers working in tourism industry and the hotel them feel the English difficult understand, this is because the English vocabulary have a lot of use and the meaning. Next reason of the teenagers in tourism industry and the hotel are unable to communicate well in English reason is, lazy to learning the English because them very lazy to learning or speak the English. This is because them feel the English is not important for them of the life in every day. Them is also feel the English are very difficult for them, this is because in the English have a lot of the things are not spelled as they sound, such as pterodactyl which sounds like the teradactle or tough which sounds like tuff. Third is them feel the English language is a crazy language, this is because the English is the sometimes them think all the English speakers should be committed to an asylum for the verbally insane. In what language do people recite at a play and play at a recital ? Ship by truck and send cargo by ship ? Park on driveways and drive on parkways ? Have noses that run and feet that smell ? How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites ? You have to marvel at the unique lunacy of a language in which your house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out and in which an alarm goes off by going on. Next reason is, them feel the English is easily to learn but hard to perfect because English can be hard, but not the hardest. Chinese, Japanese, and Russian with all of the characters and sounds. They seem more difficult to tackle. So, them say its somewhat hard to learn, but hard to perfect of the English. Some native speakers dont even know the major grammar/spelling rules. But can see how someone who isnt a native speak get confused between the read and read or lead and lead. The fifth reason of the teenagers in tourism industry or a hotel unable to communicate well in English language is English is the hardest language to speak Pretty much every comment on the No side makes me laugh. Some people wrote Cantonese and Chinese are the hardest languages to learn. Its Cantonese and Mandarin or them said English was easy to learn. Probably because they were born and raised around English in schools and around friends. Any Chinese person that I have met who lived in China up until certain ages have incredible difficulty speaking English and you can barely understand them. People should become more educated about different languages and cultures before they make comments. Next reason is the English is the most difficult language does mean that you know the whole English language, even though them starting learning English since they are on their mother womb, this is because them dont practice or trying to learning on them will stuck on some sentences and them will use the N word and the M on each sentences because them dont know how explain or spelling or talk the correct English. And some sentences have plus the ing, ed, and s will to become the sentences have a lot of different meaning. The next reason is the teenagers in tourism industry or a hotel, them only like, speak or learning their mother tongue. This is because them feel their mother tongue is easily to understand, speak and learning than English language. Another reason is the teenagers is anytime speak the mother tongue for the guest come from same country such as the Brunei, Vietnam, China, Philippine, India, and the Indonesia. So this reason is cause the teenagers are unable to communicate well in English. Next reason of the teenagers in tourism industry or a hotel unable communicate well in English is them cannot remember the use or the meaning the English sentences. This is because, some English sentences is more spelling can cause the teenagers easily confuse and very difficult to remember the English sentences. For the example, some guest want to reservation or booking the room. The guest will give the name, phone number, IC number, and other data, if the teenagers in hotel cannot remember and no confirm the data from guest, and give the wrong message or the information to guest will cause the loss of hotel and the guest don’t want state in hotel because the guest is using the English do the reservation the room. Why the hotel loss the profit, because the teenagers of overseas cannot understand, confuse, lazy, not confirm the information and check the spelling is correct or not, don’t know the meaning and use of English and cannot speak and communication in English. A ll of this reason is cause the teenagers in industry tourism or a hotel unable to communicate well in English to different kind of the guest come from different country. CONCLUSION Conclusion, if speak or communication are using English will be more polite of us. If cannot speak, communication or understand the English our cannot give any information or message to guest and also if our cannot understand the guest or other person said, our cannot receive the any information or the message from the guest or other person because them is using the English to communicate with you. So, English is important for teenagers in tourism industry or a hotel this is because the English is a international language in the world and in hotel every day need to serve the different kind of guest so the teenager cannot without the English in every day. REFERENCE https://www.google.com/webhp?tab=wwei=dW3TVN28L6PGmAW5-YHQDwved=0CAYQ1S4gws_rd=crfg=1#q=conclusion+why+the+english+is+important+for+the+teenagers+communicate+in+hotelspell=1 https://www.google.com/webhp?tab=wwei=dW3TVN28L6PGmAW5-YHQDwved=0CAYQ1S4gws_rd=crfg=1#q=WHY+ENGLISH+IS+IMPORTANT http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/english http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speak_Good_English_Movement https://prezi.com/r_-3ewemlqxt/the-importance-of-english-in-the-hospitality-industry/ http://bhuvangujjar.blogspot.com/2013/07/importance-of-english-language-in.html https://www.englishclub.com/english-for-work/hotel.htm http://www.englishformyjob.com/ell_hotelindustry.html http://www.familylives.org.uk/advice/teenagers/communicating-with-teenagers/the-importance-of-communicating-with-teenagers/ http://www.academia.edu/281159/A_Review_of_Personality_Research_in_the_Tourism_and_Hospitality_Context Hospitality EnglishPage 1

Monday, August 19, 2019

Death Penalty Essay -- essays research papers

Electric chair, gas chamber, lethal injection, firing squad, hanging, guillotine, and garroting. When you hear these words what do you think of? Do you feel frightened? When some hear these words they tend to say, " Oh they deserve it". In the court system that is not always the case. The question you always have to ask yourself is what did the accused do and do they deserve the death penalty? What is bad enough to deserve death? Are their certain crimes that do and then some that do not? Almost every culture through out history has relied on the death penalty and capital punishment and justified as a necessary tool to maintain order. The only thing that changed throughout time were the crimes deemed punishable by death and the methods used to kill those found guilty. Some of the other countries' laws of capital punishment seem so barbaric. In ancient India, executions were sometimes carried out by having an elephant crush the condemned's head. Executions used to be public spectacles. In ancient Persia, one method of execution involved being eaten alive by insects and vermin. In the middle ages, methods of execution included chopping off limbs, stripping off the condemned person's skin, boiling in oil, drawing and quartering (cutting the persons innards and then tearing the body into four pieces), burning at the stake, and crucifixion. In 1692, a man refused to testify aft er his wife was accused of witchcraft and was " Pressed " to death. The sentence was carried out by lying him on a stone floor, placing a board over him, and piling stones upon the board. Benjamin Rush, credited with the beginning the movement to abolish capital punishment in the U.S, declared in 1792 that reform, not retribution, should be the goal of punishment. The Bible authorizes executing those who show contempt on their parents, walk without permission on sacred ground, practicing sorcery, sacrifice in foreign gods or who prostitute themselves. In the Bible Exodus 21:12 it says, " Whoever strikes a man a mortal blow must be put to death." Electrocution in the modern era. Electricity causes biological damage through both heat and electrochemical havoc. The electrical current itself abolishes the function of organs and tissues such as the brain, nerves, and heart by overwhelming the fragile bioelectrical basis of the metabolism. The voltage applied is... ...icans that some states have strict death penalty laws while others employ long, complicated legal procedures that make it almost impossible for a criminal to be executed? Samuel Hand, The North American Review, December 1881 wrote an article titled Deserved Retribution. It said, Capital execution upon the deadly poisoner and the midnight assassin is not only necessary for the safety of society, it is the fit and deserved retribution of their crimes. By it alone is divine and human justice is fulfilled. Robert Rantaul Jr., Report to The Legislature, 1836 wrote an article titled Death Penalty Unnecessary. It said, It is not necessary to hang the murderer in order to guard society against him, and to prevent him from repeating the crime. If it were, we should hang the maniac, who is the most dangerous murderer. Society may defend itself by other means than by destroying life. Massachusetts can build prisons strong enough to secure the community forever against convicted felons. You may have been close minded about capital punishment before you read my paper and if you were you still probably are, but the one thing I hope you saw were all the sides and views of capital punishment.

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Legislative Influence on the Economy :: essays research papers

Legislative Influence on the Economy Throughout history, there have been instances of the government affecting the economy, be it with the B.U.S. or with the Fair Labor Standards Act, the government has played an important role in our economy. The government rescued the United States from the Great Depression by increasing demand and lowering taxes. During the 80’s, the United States was forced into a recession that threatened to destroy the economy. Both instances were due to intervention of the government to the economy. Most of the government intervention is done by subsidy, which is a form of economic aid to assist a private enterprise, but a good deal is also done by legislation. There are many areas in which the government influences the economy through legislation. One area influenced by legislation is business. Calvin Coolidge said, â€Å"The business of America is business.† The government has seen to it that it is fair with this. During the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, several bills focusing on breaking up the trusts were passed with unanimity. It began with the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. This Act outlawed and restraint on trade or competition, and caused the breakup of the Standard Oil trust into twenty different companies. Another area where legislation has been used to help control the economy was in trade. With the breaking up of large trusts and monopolies with the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, A group had to be able to enforce the new laws, and so in 1914, the Federal Trade Commission Act was passed, months before the Clayton Anti-Trust Act was passed to fill in the gaps left by the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. With all of these new companies sprouting up, an increase in the number of jobs occurred, but it is no surprise that workers were not being paid fair wages, and so in the area of labor, the government passed the Fair Labor Standards Act. This act created the way by which everybody works today. A minimum wage, 40- hour work week, and control of child labor. This legislation itself was invoked by large labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), both of which sought to improve working conditions and wages through negotiations with employers. One overdue act was the Meat Inspection Act, largely influenced by Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle. The act was passed in 1960, long overdue considering the circumstances.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Environmental issues and quality of life in Hamilton Essay

Randle Reef it positioned at Hamilton Harbor. It is regarded as a complex and the most spoiled pitch among the Canada’s areas of concern. Randle Reef pitch has huge deposits of Poly nuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in black substances. Poly nuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons are moving allover to form food chains. This area needs a priority in Hamilton in order to obey the Ecosystem of Greats Lakes region. This projects aims at lowering the disclosure for organisms at the harbor to more naughty toxic levels in the area. In 2001 environment Canada lead a Project Advisory Group (PAG) made of 17 participating firms. This helped to form consensus for a solution to give the aims for the project together with all partisan shareholders. Later on, Project Advisory Group was to give a design for solving the problem at Randle Reef. An extensive engineering enquiry was to give the design for environments evaluation. Cleaning the Randle Reef has been slow but Environmental conservatives are gaining strength slowly. Toxic levels are being reduced because this is what has ruined both plant and animal life at Hamilton. Isolation of Toxic sediments is being considered. The solution has been experiencing some flaws because perfection has not yet being achieved. Capping will consist of building up a berm around Randle Reef and sediments are to be covered by a clean fill. Contaminated sediment dredged from other sides of the Hamilton Harbour has been contained. Capping should be for the Public benefit. The size of the capping materials is to be determined together with related costs. Capping is the best way to solve te frustration caused by Randle Reef to the residents of Hamilton. Petitions were made to alert on the presence of the site at Hamilton Harbor. The coal tar had Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Tom O. 2007 Hips of carcinogenic silt are dipped at around five meters and Toxins are used to harm the aquatic animals because they are harmful. Living creatures, which cause contamination, are finished and the excretion by these creatures does not spoil the Randle reef any more. Substances used for capping bring about a neutralization effect whereby the site is considered to be not spoiled. Contamination spreads everywhere and absorption all over the water place occurs. The steel industry’s disposals need to be dealt with to avid more pollutions through emissions. Government’s supports is also noted in making efforts for ensuring that all what the Randle reef is going through is restored by reducing the rate of contamination. Funds have been invested in restoration Young J. 2007 Adequate benefits have been derived from capping and they include environment improvement, which has yielded a good public image for the Hamilton. Hamilton is a tourist destination and results of capping can be noted through increased tourist numbers. The Hamilton project has some of the departments managed by professionals and experts in the environmental science and capping, which involves putting a thin waterproof layer on the Randle reef site to reduce the penetration of contaminated materials into the site Vic E. 2007 Waste deposits from all manufacturing companies are treated before they can be disposed by water into the Randle Reef site. Most of the industries release emissions through water and such may lead to more contamination. Capping has resulted in great success in improving the life of those living around the site and health issues from these areas are not a major worry. Contaminations are substances that spoil the purity of Randle reef and make it poisonous. These spoiling substances include metals, oil grease and PAHs. Some environmental scientists argue that these substances can be removed at a low cost reducing the rate and accumulation of deposits. Tom, 2007 Heavy investment has been made towards the removal of contaminations. The Hamilton Government for the removal gives a lot of support, more than the capping because it relates to total eradication and avoidance of toxic effects of the PAHs. All the Aluminum, Antimony, lead, magnesium, Nickel, Silver, and Thallium has been extracted and recycled to produce consumer goods. Paul, 2007 Support for the removal of contamination is obtained from the Federal Government, principle Government and negotiations are in progress to get more financing for the removal of these pollution materials. All industries in the area are expected to show concern for the environment by contributing to the removal carrying out the extraction at their own cost. Those who support the removal of contamination argue that it is better than capping because some economic and financial benefits can be derived from the materials extracted. Jays, 2007 Restoration of the Randle reef entails restoring the site to the position that it was sometimes back and doing away with all what is considered to be useless to the site. Removal of around twenty thousand cubic meters of deposits in the Randle Reef site has positively been identified as the major source of restoration of the site such sediments can be treated biologically, organically or by thermal means and then recycled into saleable products. My views Both capping and removal of contamination are necessary because they contribute to the restoration of the Randle reef life to its original state and no more contamination occurs. The two methods and processes of restoration have economic gains, which yield financial benefits for all the parties involved. Support from the Federal government can only be granted if industries depositing at the Randle reef play their part. Randle Reef restoration has not been at its maximum and more efforts and funds are needed to ensure a complete success for the project. The Randle Reef has received much publicity out of the state in which it exists in a healthy environment that surround s the area. The existence of Randle reef can be considered to be extraordinary and it requires a portion of the Governments budget. Some industries, which excrete poisonous substances and mineral materials, have been very negative about Randle reef restoration. This has resulted in heavy fines by the government and the relationship between the governing authority and these companies has been spoiled. Randle restoration projects at times do not get enough funding from the governments budget and the process is delayed. Tom, 2007 Some industries and persons are not for the idea of capping or removal of contamination at all due to political reason. Politics in Hamilton have also lead to the deterioration of the Randle reef and this has created a negative image for the Hamilton community. The Do nothing is the only negative attitude towards the environmental improvement at Hamilton. Environmental issues and the quality of life in Hamilton deal with bringing back the glamour of Hamilton environment. Quality of life can only be improved if less contamination of Randle Reef is achieved through capping or removing the existing deposits of contaminated substances. Environment is said to be surrounding or where industries exist and do business. The Randle Reef at Hamilton has been created or formed by the existing industries pollution. Jim, 2007 Restoration of Randle reef will help improve the quality of life around the place and more productivity of environment. Vegetation which at times can be of economic value can not be grown around Randle reef and the situation can only be reversed if relevant authorities, organizations and industries play their part to minimize extended degradation of the Hamilton. Both capping and removal of sediments are necessary to ensure success of the restoration project.

Ratio Analysis Memo Essay

The following memo will explain the findings of the financial statement analysis for 2008 for Berry’s Bug Blasters as well as offer advice significant decreases in profits or increases in liabilities if they apply. Some quick facts: Liquidity is up for 2008 Current ratio shows we pay assets 5.99 times for every current liability, an increase of 62% from 2007 Significant liquidity ratio decrease in 2008 was in inventory turnover Inventory tuning over 6.67 times per year, down 42% from 2007 Berry’s Bug Blasters inventory turnover is affecting the profits. The profitability ratios decreased with the stockholders’ equity decreasing the most by 56%. The interest expense for 2007 and 2008 has been eliminated. Berry’s Bug Blasters total debt was decreased to assets by 24% in 2007 to 16%, the company’s number now shows solvency. In order to determine if a company will meet short term debt obligations liquid ratios are used by businesses and investors. Berry’s Bug Blasters has proven short term obligations 5.99 times to 1 liability. At the point when an owner or investor evaluates an organization’s liquidity ratios, they are utilizing data from the Balance Sheet to evaluate if an organization has the ass ets and the ability to pay off short term liabilities. Berry’s Bug Blasters have met the mark. Stakeholders use profitability ratios to pick up understanding on the adequacy or sufficiency of an organization’s profits. Loaning organizations and investors will utilize profitability ratios to help focus the conceivable financial related profits for the investment into that particular organization. Administration inside of an organization can use profitability ratios to issue territories inside of the organization and make any vital enhancements to enhance execution in those areas. The accompanying attachments will demonstrate that we have decreased in the amount of profit margin. This decrease demonstrates that business has hindered in 2008. Berry’s Bug Blaster may need to look over marketing  methodologies to produce more business in the impending year. Solvency ratios are for the most part utilized by long term lenders and stakeholders. Both clients are utilizing solvency ratios to focus the long term quality and survival of an organization. Long term monetary quality of an organization is essential to these clients to demonstrate that an organization will have the capacity to pay off debt and accrued interest of a mature debt. Berry’s Bug Blasters has made a decent showing of decreasing the measure of amount of total debt to assets. Generally speaking, Berry’s Bug Blasters is in great financial health in correlation to others in the business. An intercompany near analysis was performed utilizing our organizations nearest traded on an open market contender, Rollins Inc. Like Berry’s Bug Blasters, Rollins Inc. provides pest and termite control services to business and private customers. The Rollins Inc. SEC filed 10-K for the period ending 12/31/08, the attached ratio, horizontal and vertical analysis are the source documents for the data below. The profit margin is by far the most valuable accounting aspect for any company. Berry’s Bug Blasters has doubled the profit margin (16%) other than Rollins Inc. (6.6%) In regards to solvency, Berry’s Bug Blasters incurred no interest expense while Rollins Inc. paid $761,000 interest expense. Another commonly used profitability ratio used primarily by investors is the return on common stockholders’ equity. Berry’s Bug Blasters and Rollins Inc. performed splendidly and tied at 30%. The ratio, horizontal, and vertical analysis performed managers, creditors, and investors can see that Berry’s Bug Blasters remains competitive, and is a valuable investment. I hope you have gained further insight into the financial health of Berry’s Bug Blasters. References: Weygandt, J.J., Kimmel, P.D., & Kieso, D.E. (2010). Financial Accounting (7th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Apollo Group Virtual Organization. (2011). Berry’s Bug Blasters. Retrieved from:https://ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/Business/Berrys/index.asp on July 24, 2015.

Friday, August 16, 2019

Speech against Animal Testing

Now ladies and gentlemen, I would like you guys to have a think about this, without animal research, how long would it take for us to have a breakthrough in order for us to survive through small pox, rabies, malaria or any other severe diseases that had occurred in the past. If it weren’t for animal testing, we wouldn’t be all sitting here, enjoying our lives. Thank you all for listening. 0 In the case of using primates in animal testing, the National Research and Medical Research Council has stated, ‘Some biomedical research is best undertaken on primates in order to allow the greatest relevance to understanding health and disease in humans. ’ A PHD student from the University of Sydney, Swetha Murali, is working in a neuropharmacology lab researching about the development of novel therapeutics for treating chronic pain. Murali also raised a number of concerns and argued, ‘The first three are not alternatives at all. These animal dealers must be lice nsed by the United States Department of Agriculture and must adhere to Animal Welfare Act standards of care. Both dealers and research facilities can obtain dogs and cats only from specified sources and must comply with detailed record-keeping and waiting-period requirements. In addition, the United States Department of Agriculture conduct surprising inspections of dealers and research facilities for agreement to help ensure research animals are not missing pets. ’ 6They don’t actually lead to the development of novel treatments, just a better understanding of the efficacy of existing ones. Meanwhile the last two are already commonly used in most labs, but prior to and in conjunction with work and animals. ’ Murali has also stated that ‘and as powerful as modern computers are, there’s still simply no comparison – the idea of successfully simulating the complexity present in organism- level biological systems is a pipe dream at present. â€⠄¢ 9 My third point would be that there is no suitable and reliable substitution to animal testing.It has been reported that there are situations, where there are no viable alternatives to animal testing in order to enlarge the research of treatments to assist human beings from suffering a wide range of diseases. This has been brought up by the National Health and Medical Research Council which stated, ‘Animal experimentation remains crucial to a proportion of the funded research design to find better ways of preventing, treating and curing human diseases, and there are many situations where no alternatives exist. 7 The American Association for Laboratory Animal Science stated that, ‘While some research requires that dogs and cats are used, the vast majority of laboratory animals are rodents specifically bred for research. Nearly half of the dogs and cats needed for research are also bred for that purpose. Since state laws and local policies prevent many animal pounds an d shelters from providing dogs and cats to research facilities, animal dealers are the primary source for the other half of the animals scientists require. ’ 5Good morning teachers and fellow classmates. Today I will be presenting my point of view towards the issue of animals being used in testing and research. Animals such as mice, rats and primates are used in the further research for the sake of us human beings, either health or cosmetic wise, and also tested on animals to make sure they have no life-threatening side effects. This act has being carried out for years, and to abolish it now would be a real shame and it’ll bring an end to the further advancement of human health. I assume that most of you guys think that animal testing will involve big needles injecting into those little cute, furry rodents. But I assure you, it’s not. It has been stated that the procedure throughout the whole testing will keep the animals’ distress to a minimal. Also the people who are involved in this project are all animal lovers, which mean that they aren’t doing this for enjoyment, but for the health of the greater well. As they say ‘Good science and good animal welfare go hand in hand’. In the UK, the experiments that were carried out have been classified as mild, moderate or substantial. In December 2001, licensed experiments that happened in the UK were: 39% mild, 55% moderate, 2% substantial and 4% that are unclassified. Judging from these statistics, it is shown that very few experiments have caused substantial suffering to the animals tested. This also leads to my second point. Many of these animals that were killed in animal testing were specifically bred for this purpose. 3These animals would not have been alive at all if they weren’t needed for animal testing. Also keep in mind that they were bred under humane conditions, which means, they had the right amount of nutrition to be healthy and also in an environm ent that were close to home for them. In certain parts of the world, purposely-bred animals were not available, and in these cases, animals that were used must be obtained through licensed and regulated dealers that meet standard criteria where it was suitable laboratory research. 4

Thursday, August 15, 2019

Henry David Thoreau and Resistance to Civil Government Essay

Henry David Thoreau was the most active participant in the Transcendentalist movement. He was a student and mentee of Ralph Waldo Emerson. While Emerson had transcendental ideas, Thoreau would act on them and fully practice them. Hence, he felt that he and others should resist America’s Civil Government. I heartily accept the motto, â€Å"That government is best which governs least†; and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically. (Thoreau) Thoreau starts out his famous essay with the statement that government should be weak and the people strong. He was a strong advocate of the individual the rights of the individual. To him, a person should be self reliant, as Emerson taught. He felt that the more citizens relied on their government for their needs, then the stronger the government would become and that could be dangerous. He felt that being controlled by a government, or anything else for that matter, was a tragedy in a person’s life. The main reason that Thoreau wrote Resistance to Civil Government was because he was completely tired of a government that could allow slavery to exist. Slavery was an institution in the Southern states where people actually owned African Americans. He felt that if it was wrong for a government to have to much power over the individual and his/her rights, then surely it was wrong for another human to own another. In the institution of slavery, the slave has no rights at all. Slaves were made to work extremely hard. Thoreau had nothing against hard work for an individual’s own self-reliance, but the slave did not benefit from his/her work. The owner reaped all of the profit. They did not get to choose their profession, it was illegal to teach them to read or write, many owners beat them, and they could be sold away from their families at any time. The owner controlled everything about them even life and death. Slavery went against everything that Thoreau believed about government and the individual. If it was true that it government should have as little control as possible, then it was an abomination that this kind of power could control another. Thoreau was so appalled that a government that claimed in its constitution that all men were created equal, could turn a blind eye to the institution of slavery. He decided that since his tax dollars went to a government that supported such an institution, he would no longer pay his taxes. He hoped that he could inspire others who proclaimed abolitionist thoughts would do the same. However, they did not. In fact when Emerson came to the jail to post his bond, he asked Thoreau why he was in jail. Thoreau responded by asking Emerson why he was not in there with him. Thoreau’s idea of civil disobedience to a government that is not of the people has been successful for several generations after Thoreau’s death. He impacted the lives of such great men as Ghandi and the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. King used Thoreau’s method and turned a nation around and forced it to recognize the civil rights of all people by Resistance to Civil Government. Thoreau and his idea of peaceful protest will remain an affective way to change governments for generations to come.

Wednesday, August 14, 2019

Examine the relationship between Volpone and Mosca Essay

Examine the relationship between Volpone and Mosca in Acts I and II; to what extent is Volpone presented as the dominant partner?  During The Argument at the beginning of the play the audience is told that, although the play’s title is ‘Volpone’, the play is mostly centred on ‘his parasite’, Mosca, and the cross-plots he ‘weaves’ as he ‘assures’ and ‘deludes’ the other characters. Despite this, Volpone is not entirely submissive. There are several occasions where he is the stronger, commanding character, and throughout the play there are some elements of permanent authority, which cannot be overlooked. As stated in ‘The Persons of the Comedy’, Volpone is a ‘Magnifico’, an entrepreneur who would be socially higher than his parasite, Mosca, and therefore better educated than him. This good education is seen in Act II Scene ii as Volpone speaks as the mountebank, Scoto of Mantua. Although it is unknown who contrived the plot, although it is assumed to be Mosca as he suggests the disguise, Volpone uses scientific language, such as ‘mal caduco’ and ‘hernia ventosa’, to convince the crowd to buy his oil, even calling in ‘Oglio del Scoto’. Even if Mosca had created the idea, he would have been unable to use such language to make the crowd believe Volpone was Scoto, and therefore he is reliant on Volpone’s knowledge to help carry out his plans. This social dominance on Volpone’s part is also seen immediately in Act I Scene i, as Jonson presents Volpone languishing in bed while Mosca does his bidding, waking Volpone for the day and opening the shrine at his behest to reveal the ‘saint’ that is his gold. This wealth provides another area of dominance, although this is also a factor affecting class, as Mosca is dependent on Volpone’s wealth to support him as this provides him with a home and pay, so the typical master and servant positions are assumed. Mosca never forgets his place in society, and Volpone frequently orders him about, such as upon the arrival of Voltore at the end of Act I Scene ii when he asks Mosca to ‘fetch’ his ‘gown’,’ furs, and nightcap’. These are duties that Mosca has to perform, and when ordered to do something by Volpone he has to agree and execute the task without argument. These factors mean that Volpone is the overriding authority in this relationship, and Mosca dare not openly disagree with Volpone as he could lose everything. Despite Volpone having a great deal of possible power and influence, he is often presented as the weaker of the two with a great deal of dependence on Mosca, thereby making Mosca the dominant partner. An example of this is seen in Act I Scene I, as Volpone asks Mosca â€Å"Why dost thou laugh so, man?† suggesting that he is insecure and seeks Mosca’s reassurance in case he is the subject of the laughter. This makes Mosca the leading member of the relationship, showing Volpone’s emotional dependence on his servant. He is also dependent on Mosca to carry out the ‘cunning purchase’ of his wealth, with Mosca having to make excuses for other clients visiting, such as when he tells Voltore to ‘put business’ in his face as he leaves, as he is an advocate, and then tells Corbaccio Volpone ‘was about his testament’ ‘for [Corbaccio’s] good’, giving him a positive reason for Voltore’s presence. Through this M osca also manages to increase the wealth accumulated through their enterprise, by playing the three clients off against each other. This is again seen in Act 1 Scene iv as Mosca tells Corbaccio of Voltore’s ‘piece of plate’ for Volpone ‘to be his heir’, leading him to proffer ‘a bag of bright chequins’, and later to proclaim Volpone his ‘sole heir’, thereby denying his ‘brave, and highly meriting’ son, Bonario. However, this does not entirely prove Mosca to be the stronger orchestrator of events or show Volpone to be weak, as Volpone has to act the dying man, and therefore cannot play a great role in manipulating the clients. This is shown in the way Mosca handles the subplot of Celia more skilfully than Volpone, and his greater level of control and forward thinking. Mosca’s role in the play is more as a stage manager than a servant, and on many occasions he is shown to handle situations more adroitly than Volpone. One of the greatest ways Jonson shows this is in the plot to win Celia, something that Mosca himself introduces in Act 1 Scene v, enticing Volpone as he calls her ‘The blazing star of Italy’. In doing this, Mosca creates a new need for himself, making Volpone even more dependent on him as Mosca knows details regarding Celia, such as Corvino’s ‘guard, of ten spies thick, upon her’, while Volpone had not heard of her.

Tuesday, August 13, 2019

Stock Vs. Bonds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stock Vs. Bonds - Essay Example However, before delving further into this economic argument it is best to, first of all, understand the definition and composition entailed in the term ‘risk.’ This is because there has been a general misconception and understanding of the term ‘risk’ more so among long-term investors. In this regard, much of the literature regarding the term ‘risk’ is misconstrued and totally misleading to long-term investors. This is somewhat due to the over-reliance and stressing on ‘short-term volatility’ (Nicholson, & Snyder, 2009). According to the definition generally accepted by the investment community and long-term investors, the risk is regarded as the volatility return accrued from an investment in the short term of daily, annual or monthly. Evidently, the measurement of the volatility of returns is either by standard deviation or variance. From this perspective, the definition offered is flawed in relation to a long-term investor for two reasons. Foremost, the conclusions and analysis drawn are reliant on nominal returns while blatantly paying no attention to the erosion of purchasing power instigated by inflation (Nicholson, & Snyder, 2009). In the case of investors in the short term, inflation is not a significant concern but of high impact during the long-term. The second flaw is that the conclusions and analysis drew more than often place an emphasis on the volatility of daily, monthly or annual returns. In the case of many investors, a focus that is based annually maybe more appropriate. However, fo r long-term investors, their concerns should me mostly focused on risks consistent with their long-term wealth parameters and not basically focused on the short-term pitfall along the way (Nicholson, & Snyder, 2009). Evidently, stocks provide higher return potential when compared to bonds. However, they accrue a greater volatility in the process. The major questions arising from this percent are; why do stocks produce more returns when compared to bonds?

Monday, August 12, 2019

Capstone Research Project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Capstone Project - Research Paper Example The foremost factor that has to be understood before representing the misstatement as a fraud is the ‘nature of misstatement’. Nature represents as to whether the misstatement has been made intentionally or unintentionally. According to the specifications within SAS No. 82, fraud is an action that is conducted intentionally and as a result of which ‘material misstatements’ occur within a firm’s financial statements (American Institute of CPAs, 2011). There are several indicators of fraud that have been represented within the SAS No. 82. These are also considered as factors of risk, few of which have been listed below. The consideration of these cases will definitely help in identifying fraud in the given five scenarios within the case. Indicators of Fraud in Relation to Financial Reporting: (a) A massive amount of compensation for the management has been stated to be in structure of bonuses. (b) The management of the firm is dominated by an only indiv idual or a very small group without allowing any role of the board of directors. (c) Involving into regular disputes with the present or previous management or auditors on issues related to auditing and accounting. (d) Limitations imposed on the auditor for improperly restricting activities related to key information and people. (e) Failure to pay the bills while there is reportedly huge earnings. (f) Transactions within related party apart from the normal courses of business. Indicators of Fraud in Relation to Assets Misappropriation: (a) Inadequacy of management supervision (b) Massive amount of cash is in hand or are processed on a regular basis (c) Inappropriate screening of the applicants for job (d) Inappropriate activities of record keeping (e) Inappropriate isolation of duties (f) Inappropriate process of approval of transactions (g) Non compliance with the time limit for presenting documents related to transaction (h) Inadequacy in controlling physical assets (i) Inappropri ate provision of compulsory vacations for the employees (Porter & Pope, 2011). The fraud indications described under SAS No. 82 can well be compared with that of the given company for identifying whether fraud is taking place or not. If it is found that the management is guilty of the above fraud indications, the SAS specifications provide that the auditor can undertake the following activities: (1) Acquire a clear and concise understanding of the accounting process being carried out within the company along with verification of journal entries along with adjustments. (2) Categorize and choose particular journal entries along with adjustments for verifying. (3) Decide on the verification timing. (4) Investigate the individuals associated with activities in relation to financial reporting and make inquiries regarding lack of appropriation in journal entries as well as adjustments. (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, 2011). Effectiveness of SAS No. 82 towards Minimization of O rganization’s Fraudulent Activities After the incorporation of the standards under SAS No. 82, the various companies have started evaluating the impact of the rules to reduce frauds within the organizations. An internal analyst of financial activities can become successful through following the rules mentioned under SAS No. 82. However, there is requirement through the rules that the assessment of risk has to be conducted by an external auditor (Public Oversight Board, 2